Artificial Intelligence of Things in Smart Environments

Applications in Transportation and Logistics

Mariyam Ouaissa, Zakaria Boulouard, Mariya Ouaissa, Yassine Maleh, Mariyam Ouaissa, Zakaria Boulouard, Mariya Ouaissa, Yassine Maleh

• Publisher: De Gruyter
• Year: 2022
• ISBN:
  9783110760491
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Informatik
• Subtopic: Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) & Semantik

This book focuses on the use of AI/ML-based techniques to solve issues related to IoT-based environments, as well as their applications. It addresses, among others, signal detection, channel modeling, resource optimization, routing protocol design, transport layer optimization, user/application behavior prediction, software-defi ned networking, congestion control, communication network optimization, security, and anomaly detection.

General parametric of four hybrid microconcentrator photovoltaic systems for electric car charging station

Sarah El Himer

Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University FEZ, Morocco

Mariyam Ouaissa

Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco

Mariya Ouaissa

Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco

Abstract

This chapter covers a general, parametric, and performance analysis of four optical elements to be used in microconcentrator photovoltaic systems for electric car charging station using the same primary optic (PO): the Fresnel lens (FL). It concerns two nonimaging optics which are pyramid and hyperbola; and two imaging optics such as circular and square dome.

The study starts from optical modeling of the FL and considers several sizes and geometric needs of secondary optics (SOs). The performance of all concentrator systems is compared in terms of actual concentrations achieved, angles of acceptance, output light power distribution, and tolerances in placement of the secondary element relative to the FL. Results are compared with the same types of SOs but are designed for car roof applications.

For the first simulation results, we found that the FL with 28 prisms and a focal length of 14 mm is the optimal PO, and the pyramid is the most suitable optical element as an SO placed at focal. By adding the silicon solar cell to multijunction solar cell, the efficiency of the optical system is increased by 20%.

By checking if this power can charge an electric car at any power, and by exploiting the roof area of the car, we need 350 silicon cells under 600 multijunction cells. Therefore, the power generated is 50.6 kw. Then, the total surface of our charging station will take 3.5 m². By comparing this surface with that of the stations found in Morocco, our station does not take a large surface and with a high power.

Keywords: primary optic, secondary optic, micro-CPV, Fresnel lens, flux uniformity acceptance angle, optical efficiency, pyramid, dome,

:Nomenclature.

A	Exit radius of the SOs	MCPV	Microconcentrator photovoltaic
aN	Half difference between the input and the output area of the pyramid	n1	Index of the entrance medium
Ain	Entrance aperture area	n2	Index of the exit medium
Aout	Exit or receiver area
C	Whole concentration ratio	ns	Index of the secondary optic
Cg	Geometric concentration ratio	N	Number of reflection inside the cone
Copt	Optical concentration ratio	Pin	Power at the entrance of the system
		Pout	Power at the exit of the system
CPV	Concentrated photovoltaic	PMMA	Poly(methyl methacrylate)
D	Fresnel lens diameter	r’	Solar angle
f	Focal length of Fresnel lens	R	Entrance radius of the Pyramid
FL	Fresnel lens	SO	Secondary optic
H	Length of the SOs	θi	SO entrance angle
θout	Exit angle	θf	θf
α	Pyramid angle	β	β

1 Introduction

The electric vehicle is the key element of green and ecological transport. It partially solves problems related to energy and the environment [1]. An electric vehicle is a vehicle powered by an electric motor. This motor is powered by a rechargeable battery or by a fuel cell, or even by a thermal generator engine. In fully electric vehicles (battery electric vehicle), the energy sources for this type of vehicle are batteries that can be recharged by the electricity grid or by other renewable energies (solar, wind turbines, etc.), and the photovoltaic shade house (Figure 1) is an autonomous and mobile energy recharging station, for electric vehicles made available to users by l...

Table of contents

• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• About the editors
• Toward the Internet of vehicles: challenges and solutions
• AI-enabled communication protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs): fundamentals and future challenges
• Applying machine learning algorithms to improve intrusion detection system in IoV
• Auto steering control in a self-driving car using deep learning model
• Semantic segmentation with transfer learning for self-driving cars
• An improved anomaly detection process in smart vehicle using a supervised ensemble-learning framework
• Survey on AI-based IoT and drone-equipped smart agriculture
• General parametric of four hybrid microconcentrator photovoltaic systems for electric car charging station
• The influence of social media in improving supply chain intelligence using deep learning
• Index