The Hijacked War

The Story of Chinese POWs in the Korean War

David Cheng Chang

• Publisher: Stanford University Press
• Year: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781503605879
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Military & Maritime History
• Index: History

A study of the experiences of Chinese prisoners of war during the Korean War and the struggle over their repatriation. The Korean War lasted for three years, one month, and two days, but armistice talks occupied more than two of those years, as more than 14, 000 Chinese prisoners of war refused to return to Communist China and demanded to go to Nationalist Taiwan, effectively hijacking the negotiations and thwarting the designs of world leaders at a pivotal moment in Cold War history. In The Hijacked War, David Cheng Chang vividly portrays the experiences of Chinese prisoners in the dark, cold, and damp tents of Koje and Cheju Islands in Korea and how their decisions derailed the high politics being conducted in the corridors of power in Washington, Moscow, and Beijing. Chang demonstrates how the Truman-Acheson administration's policies of voluntary repatriation and prisoner reindoctrination for psychological warfare purposes—the first overt and the second covert—had unintended consequences. The "success" of the reindoctrination program backfired when anti-Communist Chinese prisoners persuaded and coerced fellow POWs to renounce their homeland. Drawing on newly declassified archival materials from China, Taiwan, and the United States, and interviews with more than 80 surviving Chinese and North Korean prisoners of war, Chang depicts the struggle over prisoner repatriation that dominated the second half of the Korean War, from early 1952 to July 1953, in the prisoners' own words. Praise for The Hijacked War "This book represents a giant step forward in our understanding of the prisoner-of-war issue in the Korean War. The research on the Chinese prisoners is extraordinary, the stories of individuals compelling, and the analysis of the context in which they made choices balanced and persuasive." —William Stueck, author of The Korean War: An International History "David Cheng Chang's superlative research reveals the use of Chinese POWs as pawns in the larger Cold War standoff between the US and China during the Korean War. His cogent analysis encourages us to think about the aftermath of the war and the lives of those who made the 'voluntary choice' to join or who faced 'forced conformity.'" —Barak Kushner, author of Men to Devils, Devils to Men: Japanese War Crimes and Chinese Justice "Chang's exceptionally vivid prisoner's-eye account, based on camp archives and interviews with ex-POWS, leads him to condemn the key U.S. policymakers, including President Harry Truman and Secretary of State Dean Acheson, for their "arrogance, ignorance, and negligence." — Foreign Affairs

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Maps, Tables, and Figures
• Note on Transliteration
• Introduction
• 1. Fleeing or Embracing the Communists in the Chinese Civil War
• 2. Reforming Former Nationalists
• 3. Desperados and Volunteers
• 4. Chiang, MacArthur, Truman, and NSC-81/1
• 5. Defectors and Prisoners in the First Three Chinese Offensives
• 6. Ridgway’s Turnaround, MacArthur’s Exit, and Taiwan’s Entry
• 7. The Fifth Offensive Debacle
• 8. Civil War in the POW Camps
• 9. The Debate over Prisoner Repatriation in Washington, Panmunjom, and Taipei
• 10. Screening: “Voluntary Repatriation” Turns Violent
• 11. General Dodd’s Kidnapping and General Boatner’s Crackdown
• 12. China Hands on Koje and Cheju
• 13. October 1 Massacre on Cheju
• 14. Exchanges and “Explanation”
• 15. Prisoner-Agents of Unit 8240
• 16. Aftermath
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• Appendix
• Abbreviations
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index