Pearls and Pitfalls in Cardiovascular Imaging
Pseudolesions, Artifacts, and Other Difficult Diagnoses
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Pearls and Pitfalls in Cardiovascular Imaging
Pseudolesions, Artifacts, and Other Difficult Diagnoses
About This Book
Cardiovascular imagers are faced with the challenge of interpreting cases that include artifacts, unusual findings, or anatomic variants on an almost daily basis. These studies can result in confusion and may lead to misdiagnosis even for the most experienced imager. This book provides an approachable reference for practising cardiovascular imagers to aid with both commonly and uncommonly encountered entities that can result in inappropriate patient management. Through the focused use of case examples, this book reviews 100 conditions that can be seen in clinical practice, including pseudotumors, artifacts, anatomic variants, mimics, and unusual diagnoses. Each highly illustrated case follows a standard format, allowing readers to learn from real-life examples and provides an accessible and rapid source of reference for the improved interpretation of cardiovascular imaging and enhanced patient care. This text will be invaluable to radiologists, cardiologists, and trainees.
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Half-title
- Title page
- Copyright information
- Table of contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Case 1 Right atrial pseudotumor due to crista terminalis
- Case 2 Cardiac pseudotumor due to lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum
- Case 3 Cardiac pseudotumor due to caseous mitral annular calcification
- Case 4 Cardiac pseudotumor due to focal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Case 5 Psuedothrombus in the left ventricle due to microvascular obstruction
- Case 6 Pseudothrombus in the left atrial appendage
- Case 7 Pseudolymphadenopathy due to fluid in the pericardial recess
- Case 8 Valvular masses
- Case 9 Cardiac angiosarcoma
- Case 10 Ventricular non-compaction
- Case 11 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mimics
- Case 12 Stress cardiomyopathy
- Case 13 Epipericardial fat necrosis
- Case 14 True and false left ventricular aneurysms
- Case 15 Ventricular diverticula, clefts, and crypts
- Case 16 Left atrial diverticula
- Case 17 Aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum
- Case 18 Aneurysm of the interatrial septum
- Case 19 Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
- Case 20 Patent foramen ovale and left atrial septal pouch
- Case 21 Partial cor triatriatum
- Case 22 Congenital absence of the pericardium
- Case 23 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Case 24 Unroofed coronary sinus
- Case 25 Patent ductus arteriosus
- Case 26 Bicuspid aortic valve with raphe mimicking tricuspid valve
- Case 27 Pseudocoarctation due to aortic tortuosity
- Case 28 Respiratory and cardiac gating artifacts in cardiac CT
- Case 29 Overestimation of coronary artery stenosis due to calcified plaque
- Case 30 Right coronary artery pseudostenosis due to streak artifact
- Case 31 Pseudostenosis from stair-step reconstruction artifact
- Case 32 Pseudostenosis in the coronary arteries due to motion artifact
- Case 33 Pseudostenosis on curved planar reformatted images
- Case 34 Coronary stent visualization
- Case 35 Myocardial bridging
- Case 36 Intramural versus septal course for anomalous interarterial coronary arteries
- Case 37 Coronary artery fistulas and anomalous coronary artery origin
- Case 38 Giant coronary artery aneurysms
- Case 39 Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus mimicking circumflex coronary artery aneurysm
- Case 40 Vein graft aneurysms after CABG
- Case 41 Hypoattenuating myocardium
- Case 42 Pitfalls in obtaining optimal vascular contrast for pulmonary embolism examinations
- Case 43 Artifacts mimicking pulmonary embolism
- Case 44 Pulmonary artery imaging for pulmonary embolism in patients with Fontan shunt for congenital heart disease
- Case 45 Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
- Case 46 Pulmonary artery sarcoma
- Case 47 Inappropriate inversion time selection for late gadolinium enhancement imaging
- Case 48 Pseudothrombus on dark blood images
- Case 49 Gibbs ringing artifact
- Case 50 Aliasing artifact in phase-contrast cardiac MRI
- Case 51 Pseudostenoses on MR angiography from susceptibility artifact
- Case 52 Pseudostenosis on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography
- Case 53 Maki effect
- Case 54 Pitfalls in arterial enhancement timing
- Case 55 Misdiagnosis of acute aortic syndrome in the ascending aorta due to cardiac motion
- Case 56 Aortic pseudodissection from penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
- Case 57 Ductus diverticulum mimicking ductus arteriosus aneurysm
- Case 58 Pericardial recess mimicking traumatic aortic injury
- Case 59 Neointimal calcifications mimicking displaced intimal calcifications on unenhanced CT
- Case 60 The value of non-contrast CT in vascular imaging
- Case 61 Shearing of branch arteries in intramural hematoma: a mimic of active extravasation
- Case 62 Imaging features of aortic aneurysm instability
- Case 63 Aortoenteric fistula
- Case 64 Inflammatory aortic aneurysm
- Case 65 Incorrect aneurysm measurement due to aortic tortuosity
- Case 66 Surgical pledget mimicking aortic pseudoaneurysm
- Case 67 Pseudoendoleak post-endovascular stent graft placement due to calcified material in the aneurysm sac
- Case 68 Type II endoleak occult on arterial phase images
- Case 69 Elephant trunk graft mimicking aortic dissection
- Case 70 Pseudodissection due to aortic graft kinking
- Case 71 Perigraft fluid collections
- Case 72 Post-operative air in the aorta: when is it of concern?
- Case 73 Pseudostenosis of the common bile duct from crossing hepatic artery
- Case 74 Pseudometastatic disease from hepatic arterioportal shunts
- Case 75 Pancreatic pseudomass due to thrombosed pseudoaneurysm
- Case 76 Splenic artery aneurysm mimicking pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
- Case 77 Median arcuate ligament compression
- Case 78 Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia
- Case 79 Segmental arterial mediolysis
- Case 80 Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
- Case 81 Renal fibromuscular dysplasia
- Case 82 Reversal of superior mesenteric artery and vein in midgut volvulus
- Case 83 Mesenteric artery collateral pathways
- Case 84 Mesenteric artery anatomic variants
- Case 85 Superficial femoral artery occlusions
- Case 86 Popliteal artery entrapment
- Case 87 Suboptimal bolus timing in CT angiography of the extremities
- Case 88 Lower extremity arteriovenous fistula
- Case 89 Persistent sciatic artery
- Case 90 Pseudolipoma of the inferior vena cava
- Case 91 Pseudomass from varicose veins
- Case 92 Catheter malpositions
- Case 93 Pseudothrombus in the inferior vena cava and other venous systems
- Case 94 Venous collateral pathways in caval obstruction
- Case 95 Catheter-related thrombus and incidental small vein thrombosis
- Case 96 Nutcracker syndrome
- Case 97 May-Thurner syndrome
- Case 98 Pseudocarcinomatosis due to venous malformation
- Case 99 Inferior vena cava anatomic variants
- Case 100 Superior vena cava anatomic variants
- Index