Geochemical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas
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Geochemical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas

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eBook - ePub

Geochemical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas

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Yes, you can access Geochemical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas by A.A. Kartsev in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Physical Sciences & Geology & Earth Sciences. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.

Information

Publisher
University of California Press
Year
2023
ISBN
9780520346079
Edition
1
Topic
Physical Sciences
Subtopic
Geology & Earth Sciences

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Title
  3. Copyright
  4. Contents 1
  5. Introduction
  6. CHAPTER ONE
  7. PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM
  8. The Physical State of Petroleum
  9. State of Knowledge on the Composition of Petroleum
  10. Elemental Composition
  11. Hydrocarbon Composition
  12. Acids
  13. Compounds of Sulfur and Nitrogen
  14. Tars and Asphaltenes
  15. Elements of the Ash
  16. Specific Gravity
  17. Optical Activity
  18. Physiological Activity
  19. Regularities in the Chemistry of Petroleum
  20. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS IN PETROLEUM FORMATIONS
  21. Temperature
  22. Pressu re
  23. Motion of Subterranean Waters
  24. Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Rocks and Waters
  25. GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN PETROLEUM FORMATIONS
  26. Metamorphism of Petroleum
  27. Oxidation of Petroleum
  28. Consequences of the Oxidation of Petroleum by Sulfates
  29. Paragenesis of Petroleum and Sulfur. Sulfuring of Petroleum
  30. Physical Processes
  31. CAUSES OF PETROLEUM VARIABILITY
  32. Role of the Initial Composition
  33. Significance of Physical Processes
  34. Significance of Geochemical Transformations of Petroleum
  35. Conclusions
  36. Practical Importance of the Question
  37. GEOCHEMICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE GASES, WATERS, AND ROCKS OF PETROLEUM FORMATIONS
  38. Natural Gases
  39. Waters
  40. Change of Properties of Waters in Oil-Bearing Strata
  41. Organisms
  42. Rocks
  43. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  44. CHAPTER TWO Classification of Geochemical Prospecting Methods GEOCHEMICAL INDICES OF PETROLEUM
  45. CLASSIFICATION OF GEOCHEMICAL METHODS ACCORDING TO INDICES USED
  46. CLASSIFICATION OF GEOCHEMICAL METHODS BY OBJECTIVE AND BY ORGANIZATION
  47. Chapter THREE The Geochemistry of Gases INTRODUCTION
  48. Gaseous Minerals
  49. Gaseous Associations
  50. PROPERTIES OF GASES
  51. Determination of Gases
  52. TYPES OF GASES Gases in the Atmosphere
  53. Gases in the Hydrosphere
  54. Gases in the Lithosphere
  55. ORIGIN OF GASES AND THEIR GENETIC CLASSIFICATION
  56. Natural Gases of Purely Gaseous Formations
  57. Genesis of Purely Gaseous Formations
  58. Change in the Composition of Natural Gas Within a Formation
  59. Dissipation of Gas Accumulations
  60. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  61. CHAPTER FOUR Gas Surveys
  62. BRIEF HISTORY OF GAS SURVEYING
  63. THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE GAS SURVEY
  64. Migration of a Gas
  65. Physical Forms of Gas Movement Through Rocks
  66. Alteration of a Gas During the Process of Migration
  67. Composition of the Gas Detected in the Gas Survey
  68. VARIOUS TYPES OF GAS SURVEYS
  69. METHODS OF FIELD WORK Arrangement of Sampling Points
  70. Drilling Bore Holes
  71. Taking Gas Samples
  72. Seasonal Fluctuations of Gas Content
  73. Causes of Variations in Gas Concentrations
  74. GAS ANALYSIS
  75. Total Analysis of Natural Gas in the VTI Apparatus
  76. Analysis of Hydrocarbon Gases in the Sokolov Apparatus
  77. Analysis of Microcentrations of Hydrocarbon Gases in Stationary Mercury Apparatus
  78. Stationary Mercury Apparatus, Model No. 3
  79. Stationary Circulative Mercury Apparatus
  80. INTERPRETATION OF GAS SURVEY RESULTS
  81. Presentation of Survey Results
  82. Compilation of Maps
  83. Forms of Gas Anomalies
  84. Evaluation of the Survey Results
  85. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  86. CHAPTER FIVE Core-Gas Surveys INTRODUCTION
  87. Problems of the Method
  88. Origin and Development of the Method
  89. THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE CORE-GAS SURVEY
  90. METHODS OF FIELD WORK
  91. Coring Operations
  92. Effect of Storage Time on Cores
  93. Depth of Sampling
  94. Fluctuations in the Gas Content of Rock
  95. METHODS OF DEGASSING CORES
  96. Degassing at Elevated Temperatures
  97. Degassing under Vacuum at Elevated Temperatures
  98. Degassing by Disaggregation of the Rock under Vacuum
  99. Degassing in Boiling Water
  100. Gas Analysis
  101. INTERPRETATION OF CORE-GAS SURVEY RESULTS
  102. OTHER METHODS OF STUDYING THE GAS CONTENT OF CORES The ā€œThermobitumenā€ Survey
  103. Change of Parameters of Monmorillonite as an Index of Hydrocarbon Migration
  104. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  105. CHAPTER SIX Oil and Gas Logging
  106. THEORETICAL BASIS OF OIL AND GAS LOGGING
  107. METHODS AND APPARATUS USED IN OIL AND GAS LOGGING
  108. Mud Logging
  109. Intermittent Degassing of Drilling Muds
  110. Continuous Degassing of Drilling Muds
  111. Analysis of Combustible Gases Recovered From Drilling Muds
  112. Oil and Gas Logs Based on Analyses of Cuttings and Cores
  113. Method of Luminescence Logging with Drilling Muds and Cuttings
  114. AUTOMATIC AND SEMIAUTOMATIC LOGGING EQUIPMENT
  115. METHOD OF CALCULATING LAG OF THE DRILLING MUD
  116. FACTORS AFFECTING RESULTS OF OIL AND GAS LOGGING
  117. Gas-Oil Ratio and Crude Oil Composition
  118. Formation Pressures
  119. Influence of Water-Bearing Levels
  120. Method of Mud Degasification
  121. Drilling Procedure
  122. Clays Used in Preparing Drilling Mud
  123. Addition of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products to Drilling Mud
  124. Effect of Higher Productive Zones on Penetration of Lower Intervals
  125. Change in Physical Properties of Drilling Mud
  126. INTERPRETATION OF OIL AND GAS LOGS Interpreting Manually Recorded Data
  127. Interpreting Oil and Gas Logs of Single and Multilayer Formations
  128. Distinguishing Between Oil and Gas Zones
  129. Interpreting Automatically Recorded Data
  130. Data Necessary in Oil and Gas Logging
  131. Interpreting Mechanical Logs
  132. Interpreting Luminescence Logs
  133. Characteristics of Well Logs From Various Types of Rocks
  134. Correlation of Oil and Gas Logs
  135. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  136. CHAPTER SEVEN Bitumen Methods
  137. BASIC INFORMATION ON BITUMINOLOGY
  138. Definition of the ā€œBitumenā€ Concept
  139. Classification of Bitumens
  140. Characteristic Properties of Bitumens
  141. Fractional Composition of Bitumens
  142. Bitumens Dispersed in Rocks
  143. Bound Bitumens
  144. METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
  145. Determination of Organic Carbon
  146. Determination of Nitrogen
  147. Determination of Bitumens by the Weight Method
  148. Determination of Bitumens by the Colorimetric Method
  149. APPLICATION OF BITUMEN METHODS
  150. Prospecting for Oil-Bearing Strata
  151. Bitumen Area Surveys
  152. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  153. CHAPTER EIGHT Bitumen-Luminescence Methods
  154. BASIC INFORMATION ON LUMINESCENCE OF BITUMENS
  155. Luminescence, its Main Forms and Some Properties
  156. Principles of Luminescence Analysis
  157. Luminescence of Bitumens
  158. Luminescence of Bitumen Fractions
  159. LUMINESCENCE ANALYSIS OF BITUMENS
  160. Equipment
  161. Drop Analysis
  162. Test Tube Analysis
  163. Capillary Analysis
  164. Adsorption (chromatographic) Analysis
  165. Quantitative Fractional Analysis
  166. Luminescence-Extraction Analysis
  167. Microscopic Luminescence Determinations
  168. APPLICATION OF BITUMEN-LUMINESCENCE METHODS Route Surveys
  169. Area Surveys
  170. Study of the Cores from Deep Wells
  171. Luminescence Logging
  172. Correlation of Well Sections
  173. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  174. CHAPTER NINE Hydrochemical Methods
  175. DIRECT HYDROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF PETROLEUM
  176. Dissolved Bitumens (Soaps)
  177. Implications of Presence or Absence of Dissolved Bitumens
  178. Phenols and their Derivatives
  179. Iodine
  180. Ammonia
  181. INDIRECT HYDROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF PETROLEUM
  182. Hydrosulfides and Other Reduced Compounds of Sulfur
  183. Absence of Sulfates
  184. Soda (Alkalinity)
  185. Calcium Chloride
  186. Bromine
  187. General Characteristics of the Salinity of Brines
  188. Use of Combined Hydrochemical Indicators
  189. Consideration of Hydrogeological Data
  190. WATER ANALYSIS (BRIEF TREATMENT)
  191. Laboratory Determination of Fundamental Ions
  192. Determination of Dissolved Bitumens
  193. Determination of Iodine
  194. Determination of Ammonia
  195. Determination of Hydrosulfides and Other Reduced Compounds of Sulfur
  196. Determination of Bromine
  197. Field Laboratories
  198. Determination of pH of Water
  199. APPLICATION OF HYDROCHEMICAL METHODS
  200. Route Surveys
  201. Hydrochemical Prospecting
  202. Hydrochemical Investigations in Exploration Work
  203. Hydrochemical Investigations in Production Work
  204. HYDROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF STRUCTURE
  205. Theoretical Concepts of Structure Surveys
  206. Organization and Methodology of Structure Surveys
  207. Indicators Used and Their Interpretation
  208. Correlation of Results with Stratigraphic Data
  209. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  210. CHAPTER TEN Water-Gas Surveys BASIC INFORMATION ON WATER-GAS SURVEYS
  211. History of the Method
  212. Purpose of the Water-Gas Survey
  213. METHODS AND APPARATUS USED IN WATER-GAS SURVEYS Methods of Field Work
  214. Sampling Waters for Degasification
  215. Recovery of Gas from Water
  216. Gas Analysis
  217. WATER-GAS SURVEY RESULTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION Presentation of Results
  218. Oil and Gas Indicators
  219. Interpretation of Water-Gas Survey Data
  220. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  221. CHAPTER ELEVEN Soil-Salt Methods
  222. VARIOUS TYPES OF SOIL-SALT METHODS The Chloride Method
  223. The Iodine Method
  224. The Gypsum Method
  225. The Carbonate-Siallite Method
  226. APPLICATION OF SOIL-SALT METHODS
  227. RADIOACTIVITY SURVEYS
  228. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  229. CHAPTER TWELVE The Oxidation-Reduction Potential Method
  230. APPLICATION OF THE METHOD
  231. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  232. CHAPTER THIRTEEN Microbiological Methods
  233. THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL METHOD
  234. General Information on Microorganisms
  235. Role of Microorganisms in the Formation of Gases
  236. INDICATOR AND CONTROL MICROORGANISMS IN PROSPECTING FOR OIL AND GAS
  237. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
  238. Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria
  239. Methane-Producing Bacteria
  240. Bacteria which Decompose Cellulose
  241. Bacteria which Oxidize Gaseous and Vaporized Hydrocarbons
  242. Conditions Limiting the Propagation and Use of Indicator Microorganisms
  243. MAIN VARIETIES OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL METHOD
  244. The Soil Survey
  245. The Water Survey
  246. Biologging
  247. The Bacterial Gas-Output Survey and Other Analytical Methods
  248. MICROBIOLOGICAL RESULTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION
  249. Treatment of Factual Data
  250. Evaluation of Bacterial Anomalies
  251. Examples of the Interpretation of Microbiological Data
  252. GEOBOTANICAL INDICATORS
  253. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  254. CHAPTER FOURTEEN The Role of Geochemical Methods in Petroleum Prospecting
  255. APPENDIX