Personal Identification

Modern Development and Security Implications

David J. Haas

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2024
• Print ISBN: 9781032523743
• eBook ISBN: 9781003850526
• Topic: Social Sciences
• Subtopic: Cyber Security
• Index: Social Sciences

Personal Identification: Modern Development and Security Implications, Second Edition explains how personal identification – and REAL ID – became part of the American fabric along with their past century's historical ID development. The development of the "trusted and secure" personal identification documents began with passports and has continued as social changes made IDs more essential. This book describes the convergence of technologies and hundreds of patents that produced our "trusted and secure" documents and IDs from our past right up through to today.

Key factors, that created today's need for public-issued mass ID, are addressed:

• Chronicles the effects of large and mobile populations beginning a century ago
• Chronicles the effects of "impersonal" electronic & computer communications at a distance, and
  not face-to-face
• The distribution of services and money by government agencies based on a person's identity –
  including "age" and "group" criteria
• Describes recent national security and terrorism concerns that necessitates the need to know: "You are who you say you are."

Personal identification documents (IDs) and the societal need for "trusted" identification by the public is a relatively new social phenomenon. In 1900, most people did not need or have any IDs until passports, with a photograph of the individual, became mandatory when Great Britain entered World War I in 1914. In the United States, the State-issued driver's license is probably the only trusted ID in one's wallet today, but they became "trusted and secure" documents only recently with the requirement for REAL ID. With the first photo driver's license issued by the State of Colorado in 1959, it took until 1984 for the last State (New York, 25 years later) to comply.

As a direct result of 9/11, where terrorists used fake driver's licenses to board planes, Congress passed the Real ID Act in 2005 to make all State-issued driver's licenses more trusted, uniform, and tamper-resistant – what is now called the Enhanced Driver's License with non-drivers being issued Enhanced Identification Cards. And with this, every US citizen can now possess a trusted and secure personal identification document.

Personal Identification, Second Edition chronicles the path of personal identification measures – including the latest developments of Real ID. Scholars and professional security managers understand that stability, security, and safety necessitate these identity measures to ensure a safer America. The book explains the various stages and advances, providing readers with a unique study of this fascinating history of the relationship between identity and the means by which one validates and proves their own identity. The enactment of the REAL ID Act of 2005, with more secure and tamper-resistant documents for each citizen of the United States, is being instituted so that one can trust: "you are who you say you are." The State-issued driver's license is not a National ID Card – it is a Nationally Recognized ID for each citizen.

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Endorsement Page
• Half Title page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface:  The Motivation for This Historical Research
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Personal Identification and Its Components
• 2 The Evolution of Personal Identification: From Prehistory to the 20th Century
• 3 The “Trusted” ID: Its Invention and Reality
• 4 Trusted ID Example 1: The Passport and “Function Creep”
• 5 Trusted ID Example 2: National Identity/Health Insurance/Driver’s License Cards
• 6 Trusted ID Example 3: The State-issued Driver’s License (before REAL ID)
• 7 Trusted ID Example 4: The REAL ID Driver’s License and Enhanced Driver’s License
• 8 Historical Development of IDs: “Authorization” Lapel Buttons, Pins, and Badges
• 9 Laminated IDs (with Photographs) Resulted from World War II
• 10 Modern Plastic Cards for the Public, Government, and Business
• 11 How “ASIS International” Provided a Forum for Shaping Personal Identification Documents
• 12 The New Digital World of Personal Identification and Documents
• 13 Convergence into IDs: Numbers, Access Control, and Biometrics
• 14 The End of Self-Identification in America
• Appendix 1: The Actual 1941 Text of the FBI Manual
• Appendix 2: Recommendations from the US Dept of Justice: The Criminal Use of False Identification Nov 1976 #052-003-00226-4
• Appendix 3: Recommendations: The 9/11 Commission Report; Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States; Norton & Company 2004
• Appendix 4: Regulatory Compliance Requirements for PL 109-13 in Condensed Form (revised 3/31/2023)
• Appendix 5: Glossary of Important ID Document and Security Terms
• Index