Transimperial Anxieties

The Making and Unmaking of Arab Ottomans in São Paulo, Brazil, 1850–1940

José D. Najar

• Publisher: University of Nebraska Press
• Year: 2023
• ISBN:
  9781496235640
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Latin American & Caribbean History
• Index: History

From the late 1850s to the 1940s, multiple colonial projects, often in tension with each other, influenced the formation of local, transimperial, and transnational political identities of Arab Ottoman subjects in the eastern Mediterranean and the Western Hemisphere. Arab Ottoman men, women, and their descendants were generally accepted as whites in a racially stratified Brazilian society. Local anxieties about color and race among white Brazilians and European immigrants, however, soon challenged the white racial status the Brazilian state afforded to Arab Ottoman immigrants. In Transimperial Anxieties José D. Najar analyzes how overlapping transimperial processes of migration and return, community conflicts, and social adaption shaped the gendered, racial, and ethnic identity politics surrounding Arab Ottoman subjects and their descendants in Brazil. Upon arrival to the Brazilian Empire, Arab Ottoman subjects were referred to as turcos, an all-encompassing ethnic identity encased in Islamophobia and antisemitism, which forced the immigrants to renegotiate their identities in order to secure the possibility of upward mobility and national belonging. By exploring the relationship between race and gender in negotiating international and interimperial politics and law, national identity, and religion, Transimperial Anxieties advances understanding of the local and global forces shaping the lives of Arab Ottoman immigrants and their descendants in Brazil, and their reciprocity to state structure.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• List of Illustrations
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• 1. Ottomans, Turks, and Syrians in the Brazilian Empire
• 2. Brazilian-Ottoman Imperial Diplomacy
• 3. Black Dangerousness and Cannibal Peddlers
• 4. From Subjects of the Sultan to White Brazilian Citizens
• 5. Citizenship and Negotiating Whiteness
• 6. Ottoman and Syrian Lebanese Immigrant Women Who Paved the Way
• 7. The Gendered Politics of Citizenship
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index
• About Jose D. Najar