Essential Facts in Cardiovascular Medicine

Yerem Yeghiazarians

• Publisher: Rutgers University Press Medicine
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN:
  9780813579689
• eBook ISBN:
  9780813579696
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Cardiology

The treatment and management of cardiovascular disease has seen rapid advances in recent years; as a trainee or practitioner of cardiovascular medicine, it can be difficult to find the time to stay abreast of recent updates in information. Unlike standard exhaustive text and reference titles, Essential Facts in Cardiovascular Medicine provides the most critical facts and clinical pearls of cardiovascular medicine, in a high-yield, concise, bulleted format that can fit in your pocket. Essential Facts in Cardiovascular Medicine is the perfect guide to enhance your cardiovascular knowledge, prepare for board examinations, and improve clinical practice.  Essential Facts in Cardiovascular Medicine covers numerous important topics from the basics of Statistics, to factoids in General Cardiology, Physical Exam, EKG, Congenital Heart Disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Heart Failure/Transplant, Acute Coronary Syndromes, Pericardial Diseases, Electrophysiology, Pharmacology, Pregnancy, Pulmonary Hypertension, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Echocardiography, Formulas, Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Tumors.  

 

1   Statistics

• Sensitivity: “true positive”; calculate per Figure 1.1: (A)/(A + C)
• Specificity: “true negative”; calculate per Figure 1.1: (D)/(B + D)
• Positive predictive value: calculate per Figure 1.1: (A)/(A + B)
• Negative predictive value: calculate per Figure 1.1: (D)/(C + D)

Figure 1.1  Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value calculation.

• Type I error (α): reporting a difference when no difference exists (“false positive”)
• Type II error (β): reporting no difference when a difference exists (“false negative”)
• Power = 1 − type II error (β)
• Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) = sensitivity/(1 − specificity)
• Likelihood ratio negative (LR−) = (1 − sensitivity)/specificity
• Prevalence = actual condition / total population
• Odds ratio = LR+/LR−
• Posttest odds of disease = pretest odds of disease × LR
• Number needed to treat (NNT) = 1/(absolute risk reduction or risk difference)
• Absolute risk reduction (ARR): difference between event rates in the experimental and control groups
• Propensity score matching: method to adjust for observed characteristics of patients randomly assigned differing treatments
• Relative risk (RR): ratio of the probability of an event occurring in an exposed group over a comparison, nonexposed group
• Odds ratio (OR): measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure.

2 General Cardiology

• Framingham Risk Score includes (Ridker, Buring, Rifai, et al. 2007):
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Total cholesterol
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
  • Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
  • Smoking (Wilson, D’Agostino, Levy, et al. 1998)
• Reynolds Risk Score (for healthy patients without diabetes) includes:
  • Age
  • Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
  • HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
  • SBP (mm Hg)
  • Current smoking (yes or no)
  • Parental history of myocardial infarction (MI) before age 60 years (yes or...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Abbreviations
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1. Statistics
• 2. General Cardiology
• 3. Physical Exam
• 4. EKG
• 5. Congenital Heart Disease
• 6. Valvular Heart Disease
• 7. Heart Failure/Transplant
• 8. Acute Coronary Syndromes
• 9. Pericardial Disease
• 10. Electrophysiology
• 11. Pharmacology
• 12. Pregnancy
• 13. Pulmonary Hypertension
• 14. Peripheral Vascular Disease
• 15. Echocardiography
• 16. Interventional Cardiology
• 17. Cardiac Tumors
• 18. Formulas
• References
• Index
• About the Author