Over the past several decades major advances in accelerators have resulted from breakthroughs in accelerator science and accelerator technology. After the introduction of a new accelerator physics concept or the implementation of a new technology, a leap in accelerator performance followed. A well-known representation of these advances is the Livingston chart, which shows an exponential growth of accelerator performance over the last seven or eight decades. One of the breakthrough accelerator technologies that support this exponential growth is superconducting technology. Recognizing this major technological advance, we dedicate Volume 5 of Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology (RAST) to superconducting technology and its applications.
Two major applications are superconducting magnets (SC magnets) and superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities. SC magnets provide much higher magnetic field than their room-temperature counterparts, thus allowing accelerators to reach higher energies with comparable size as well as much reduced power consumption. SRF technology allows field energy storage for continuous wave applications and energy recovery, in addition to the advantage of tremendous power savings and better particle beam quality. In this volume, we describe both technologies and their applications. We also include discussion of the associated R&D in superconducting materials and the future prospects for these technologies.
Contents:
Overview of Superconductivity and Challenges in Applications (Rene Flükiger)
Superconducting Materials and Conductors: Fabrication and Limiting Parameters (Luca Bottura and Arno Godeke)
Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators (Lucio Rossi and Luca Bottura)
Superconducting Magnets for Particle Detectors and Fusion Devices (Akira Yamamoto and Thomas Taylor)
Superconducting Radio-Frequency Fundamentals for Particle Accelerators (Alex Gurevich)
Superconducting Radio-Frequency Systems for High- β Particle Accelerators (Sergey Belomestnykh)
Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities for Low-Beta Particle Accelerators (Michael Kelly)
Cryogenic Technology for Superconducting Accelerators (Kenji Hosoyama)
Superconductivity in Medicine (Jose R Alonso and Timothy A Antaya)
Industrialization of Superconducting RF Accelerator Technology (Michael Peiniger, Michael Pekeler and Hanspeter Vogel)
Superconducting Radio-Frequency Technology R&D for Future Accelerator Applications (Charles E Reece and Gianluigi Ciovati)
Educating and Training Accelerator Scientists and Technologists for Tomorrow (William Barletta, Swapan Chattopadhyay and Andrei Seryi)
Pursuit of Accelerator Projects at KEK in Japan (Yoshitaka Kimura and Nobukazu Toge)
Readership: Physicists and engineers in accelerator science and industry.
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Yes, you can access Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 5: Applications Of Superconducting Technology To Accelerators by Alexander W Chao, Weiren Chou in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Biological Sciences & Science General. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
An overview of fundamentals of superconductors under radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in particle accelerators is given, with emphasis on intrinsic physics and materials mechanisms which limit the performance of the superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) resonator cavities. Multiscale mechanisms which control the surface resistance and the quality factor of the SRF cavities at low and high rf fields are discussed. We also discuss possible ways of pushing the limit of the SRF performance by materials impurities and multilayer nanostructuring which may open up opportunities of using materials other than Nb to significantly increase the maximum accelerating fields and improve the performance of the SRF cavities operating at 4.2K.
An ideal particle accelerator should provide high accelerating electric fields Eacc at minimum power consumption in a radio-frequency (rf) resonator cavity structure. The typical values of Eacc ~ 10â102 MV/m in existing accelerators are mostly limited by the cavity materials parameters, so pushing the limit of energies of accelerated particles inevitably requires increasing the number (up to tens of thousands) of cavities. The necessity to reduce the power consumption in big machines brought about the idea of using superconducting rf resonating (SRF) cavities, proposed more than 50 years ago [1â3]. This idea appeared at the height of the excitement triggered by the breakthrough in the understanding of the microscopic mechanism of superconductivity, just four years after the development of the BardeenâCooperâSchrieffer (BCS) theory. The BCS theory, among many other things, explained the extremely low power loss in superconductors under low-frequency electromagnetic fields, providing the theoretical background for the emerging SRF technology.
The SRF cavities have much lower dissipation than the cavities made of non-superconducting metals, such as Cu. The rf dissipation in a cavity is quantified by the quality factor [4],
proportional to the ratio of the mean electromagnetic energy stored in the cavity to the mean dissipated power, where the integration of the rf magnetic field H(r, Ï) for the excited rf mode with the circular eigenfrequency Ï = 2Ïf goes over the cavity volume V and the surface A. Here the surface resistance Rs, caused by the rf dissipation in the cavity wall, defines one of the main parameters of merit of the SRF cavities. Generally, Rs(H(r), r) depends on the rf field amplitude H(r) and may also vary along the cavity wall due to the surface defects, as will be discussed below. Since Ï ~ c/L is inversely proportional to the characteristic size of the cavity L, it is convenient to write the quality factor in the form
, where Bp = Ό0Hp, Hp is the magnitude of the rf magnetic field, G = cΌ0α, c is the speed of light,
