The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1607--1689

A History of the South

Wesley Frank Craven

• Publisher: LSU Press
• Year: 2015
• ISBN:
  9780807164921
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: North American History
• Index: History

This book is Volume I of A HISTORY OF THE SOUTH, a ten-volume series designed to present a balanced history of all the complex aspects of the South's culture from 1607 to the present. Like its companion volumes, The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century was written by an outstanding student of Southern history.
In the America of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, just what was Southern? The first colonists looked upon themselves as British, and only gradually did those attitudes and traditions develop which were distinctively American. To determine what was Southern in the early colonies, Professor Craven has searched for those features of early American society which distinguished the South in later years and those features of early American history which help the Southerner to understand himself.
The Chesapeake colonies—Virginia and Maryland—formed the first Southern community. These colonies grew out of the same interest which directed European imperialism toward Africa and the West Indies—notably the production of sugar, silk, wine, and tobacco. Craven studies the social, economic, and political development of the Southern colonies as the product of continuing European rivalries that resulted in the colonization of Carolina and Florida. Major emphasis, however, is placed upon British expansion, since Anglo-Saxon influence was dominant in the formation of the South as a region.
Craven sees as crucial the middle period of the seventeenth century. Out of the political and social unrest which characterized these years emerged the points of view which gave shape to the American and the Southern tradition.

INDEX

Accomac, 73, 75, 168, 169

Accomac County, 169 n., 270, 271

Adam and Eve, the, 382

Africa, Company of Royal Adventurers to 323

Agricultural experimentation, in Spanish West Indian plantations, 19-24

in Virginia, 84-85, 107, 109, 115, 123-24, 139-42, 245

in Bermuda, 119-20, 123

in Carolina, 316-17, 336-37, 346-47, 355, 356

see also, agricultural commodities listed in this Index

Agriculture, in early plans of settlement, 35, 44-49, 70-71, 102, 104

small farm as typical unit of, 209, 211-12, 214-15

wasteful methods of, 220-22, 400

see also, Agricultural experimentation Tobacco

Alabama, 5, 6, 8

Alabama River, 7

Albemarle, George Monck, first Duke of, 321, 322 n., 323, 334

Albemarle County, 326, 331, 408

Albemarle Point, 344, 346, 347

Albemarle, the, 335, 343

Albemarle Sound, 53, 75, 252, 326

Alcacovas, Treaty of, 2

Alcoholic beverages, 94, 143, 211

restriction of trade in, 242 n.

see also, Hops

Algiers, pirates of, 42

Almonds, 35, 102, 316

Altham, Father John, 192

Alum, rock, 56

Amadas, Capt. Philip, 40, 48, 49

Amboyna massacre, the, 189

Anil, 45

Aniseed, 102

Annapolis Convention of 1786, p. 190

Anne Arundel County, 260, 303

Appalachee, 5, 6

Apples, 45

Appomattox River, 74, 362, 374

Apricots, 45

Archer’s Hope, 195

Argall, Capt. Samuel, 85, 102

explorations of, 92, 97, 101

and Indian trade, 108, 114, 369

as deputy governor of Virginia, 121

Ark, the, 193, 194, 196

Arkansas River, 6

Arlington, Henry Bennett, first Earl of, 376, 390, 398

Arthur, Gabriel, 372

Arundel, Anne, 234 n.

Arundel, Sir Thomas, 188

Ashley River, 344, 348, 352

Assembly, the representative, origins of, in Virginia, 114, 131, 134-36

in Bermuda, 136

judicial functions of, 136, 207, 397

establishment of, under royal government in Virginia, 159-64

attitude toward, 172, 266, 292, 295-96, 377

in Maryland, 199-200, 205-208, 297-99, 410-11, 413, 414

development of, in Virginia, 206, 208, 262-64, 292, 294, 295-96, 367

rules of, 207

bicameral form of, 208, 290-91

exclusion of clergymen from, 233

in Carolina, 325, 326-27, 330, 332, 340, 354

challenge to position of, in later years of century, 396-97

Australasia, experience of colonists in, 223

Avalon, 186-87, 190

Ayllon, Lucas Vásquez de, 4

Azores, the, 2, 19, 21, 102

Back River, 74

Bacon, Elizabeth, 381

Bacon, Lord Francis, 379

Bacon, Nathaniel, 268, 377

background and migration to Virginia, 379-80

member of governor’s council, 380

Indian fighter, 381-82

election to Assembly, 382

submission to Berkeley, 382-83

and Bacon’s Laws, 383, 384

commission for expedition against Indians, 385-86

decision to march against Berkeley, 386-87

calls Assembly, 388

decision to burn Jamestown, 389

death, 389

place in American history, 389-90

Bacon, Nathaniel, Sr., 380

Bacon’s Laws, 383-85, 391, 391 n.

Bacon’s Rebellion, 380-91

causes of, 372-79

interpretation of, 388-90

reaction of imperial government to, 390-91

act of indemnity for, 396

Baffin Land, 43 n.

Bahama Islands, the, 4, 250, 343

proprietors of, 323, 343

Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, 4

Baldry, Robert, 268 n.

Baltic, English trade in, 42

Baltimore, Cecilius Calvert, second Lord, 228 n., 231, 234, 258, 259, 296, 297, 299, 300

Maryland grant of, 189-90

plan of, for settlement and government, 190-92, 200, 202, 204-206

quarrel of, with Jesuits, 232-33

“Act concerning Religion” of, 234-36

Baltimore, Charles Calvert, third Lord, 193

appointment of, as governor of Maryland, 300, 301

succession of, to proprietorship, 300, 410

return of, to England, 412

instructions of, for proclamation of William and Mary, 414

rights of government lost by, 414-15

Baltimore County, 303

Baltimore, Sir George Calvert, first Lord, 175, 184

title of, to province of Avalon in Newfoundland, 186-87

conversion of, to Catholicism, 188

visit of, to Virginia, 188

death of, 190

Barbados, 137, 183, 192, 373

and the settlement of Carolina, 319-20, 321, 329-33, 336, 337 n., 343, 345, 346, 350, 358

Barber, William, 268 n.

Barbuda, 183

Bargrave, the Rev. Thomas, 142

Barley, 315, 316

Barlow, Capt. Arthur, 40, 48

Baronies, in Carolina, 338

Batts, Capt. Thomas, 372

Beans, 21, 107

Bears, 108

Beaver, fur of, 108

Bennett, Henry, see Arlington, first Earl of

Bennett, Richard, 228, 267 n., 269, 296

leads Puritan migration to Maryland, 234

parliamentary commissioner for reduction of Virginia, 254, 258, 260

governor of Virginia, 262-63, 267 n.

and reduction of Maryland, 254, 258, 260

Berkeley County, 355

Berkeley Hundred, 94, 123 n., 139, 140, 143, 161-62, 167

Berkeley, Lord John, 246, 322, 323, 334

Berkeley, Richard, 131 n., 161

Berkeley, Sir William, 20, 154

as governor of Virginia, 152

and massacre of 1644, pp. 232, 290, 362, 363

during the English Civil War, 225, 233-34

and surrender of Virginia to Cromwell, 254-55

return of, to governorship in 1660, pp. 264-65

embassy of 1661–1662 to England, 265, 269, 291-92, 295, 312

and settlement of Carolina, 318, 321, 322, 325-26, 334

interest of, in diversified economy for Virginia, 245, 314

in preliminaries to Bacon’s Rebellion, 374-79

proclaims Bacon a rebel, 380, 381, 386

arrests Bacon, 382

and Bacon’s Laws, 384, 385

and question of Bacon’s commission, 385-86

attempts to raise force against Bacon, 386-87

reasserts control of colony, 389

removal of, 390

last days in Virginia, 391

Bermuda, 12, 96, 101, 110, 128, 141

shipwreck of Sea Adventure at, 97

settlement of, 110-11, 117-20, 123

Somers Islands Company in, 115, 117, 126, 130, 147, 148, 150-51, 395

reforms of 1619 in, 133

and the settlement of Carolina, 320-21, 336, 343, 344, 345

Bernard, William, 267 n.

Berringer, Simon, 351

Berry, Sir John, 390

Beverley, Robert, 397

Bishop of Durham clause, 187, 324

Blackberries, 357

Blake, Robert, 249

Blakiston Island, 193

Bland, Edward, 370

Board of Trade, 397

Bohune, Dr. Lawrence, 109

Bonoeil, John, 141-42

Book of Wills and Testaments, 288 n.

Books, 142, 178, 288 n.

Boroughs, in Virginia, 129-32

Boston, Puritan missionaries...

Table of contents

• COVER
• TITLE PAGE
• COPYRIGHT PAGE
• PUBLISHERS’ PREFACE
• EDITORS’ PREFACE
• AUTHOR’S PREFACE
• CONTENTS
• ILLUSTRATIONS
• I. SPAIN’S ROUTE TO THE NEW WORLD
• II. ROANOKE ISLAND
• III. JAMESTOWN
• IV. THE LONDON COMPANY
• V. VIRGINIA
• VI. MARYLAND
• VII. CIVIL WAR
• VIII. INTERREGNUM AND RESTORATION
• IX. CAROLINA
• X. BACON’S REBELLION
• XI. YEARS OF CHANGE AND DISCONTENT
• APPENDIX
• CRITICAL ESSAY ON AUTHORITIES
• INDEX