The Lynching of Peter Wheeler
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The Lynching of Peter Wheeler

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eBook - ePub

The Lynching of Peter Wheeler

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About This Book

At 2: 21 am on September 8, 1896, authorities in Nova Scotia killed an innocent man. Peter Wheeler — a "coloured" man accused of murdering a white girl — was strung up with a slipknot noose. The hanging was state-sanctioned but it was a lynching all the same. Now, a re-examination of his case using modern forensic science reveals one of the greatest miscarriages of justice in Canadian history.

On the night of January 27, 1896, 14-year-old Annie Kempton found herself home alone in the picturesque village of Bear River, Nova Scotia. She did not live to see the morning. Shortly after midnight, Annie was assaulted and bludgeoned with a piece of firewood. Her killer slit her throat three times with a kitchen knife then coldly sat and ate a jar of homemade jam before fleeing into the night. The senseless and brutal slaying devastated the town and plunged her parents into a near-suicidal abyss of guilt and grief. At trial, the prosecution's case focused on the inconsistencies in Wheeler's statements, the testimony of two children who placed Peter near the house on the night in question, and the detective's novel analysis of the physical evidence.

It was one of the first trials in Canada to use forensic science, albeit poorly. Wheeler's defense team called no witnesses and did little to challenge the evidence presented. The jury deliberated less than two hours before declaring Peter Wheeler guilty of murder.

The trial itself was a media sensation; every word was front page news. Several papers each ran their own version of "Wheeler's confession, " an admission of guilt supposedly authored by the condemned man. Each rendition tried and failed to make sense of the conflicting timeline. With every new iteration, it became clearer that the case against Wheeler was not as airtight as the detective in charge, Nick Power, and the media had proclaimed.

The Lynching of Peter Wheeler is a story of one town's rush to judgment. It is a tale of bigotry and incompetence, arrogance and pseudoscience, fear and misguided vengeance. It is a case study in media distortion, illustrating how the print media can manipulate the truth, destroy reputations, and so thoroughly taint a jury pool, that the notion of a fair trial becomes a statistical impossibility. At the height of the Victorian era, the media created a super villain in the mold of Jack the Ripper, the perfect foil for its other creation, super-sleuth Nick Power. The masterfully constructed narrative was perfect, save for one glaring detail: Peter Wheeler did not kill Annie Kempton.

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Information

Year
2014
ISBN
9780864926036

Notes

The primary evidentiary files for this case (Crown v. Wheeler, also known as Regina v. Wheeler or Queen v. Wheeler) are retained in the Library and Archives Canada (LAC) (RG 13, vol. 1430, file 278A, 1896) and in the Nova Scotia Archives (NSA) (RG 39, series C, vol. 17 #761).
One — And So It Begins
1. “Bear River Murder,” Saint John Daily Sun, February 3, 1896.
2. “Curse of a Fiend,” Saint John Daily Record, January 28, 1896.
Additional sources: Details were drawn from testimony and physical evidence presented in court, now retained in the case file at the NSA, RG 39, series C, vol. 17 #761. The description of the crime scene comes from the trial testimony of Omer Rice, the first person to see the body (after Peter Wheeler); see Queen v. Wheeler, Trial transcript, [1896] LAC. Annie’s surgery and prior victimization were reported in “Seeking the Slayer,” Saint John Daily Record, January 29, 1896. Additional information was taken from “Murder at Bear River,” Digby Weekly Courier, January 28, 1896; “14-year-old Girl Murdered,” Morning Chronicle, January 29, 1896.
Two — “Nearer Brute Than Human”
1. “Murder at Bear River,” Digby Weekly Courier, January 28, 1896.
2. Ibid., original emphasis.
3. Ibid.
4. “A Diabolical Murder,” Saint John Daily Telegraph, January 29, 1896.
5. “A Horrible Murder,” Saint John Daily Sun, January 29, 1896.
6. “Murder at Bear River,” Digby Weekly Courier, January 28, 1896.
7. “Murder at Bear River,” Digby Weekly Courier, January 31, 1896.
8. “Murder at Bear River,” Digby Weekly Courier, January 28, 1896.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. “Seeking the Slayer,” Saint John Daily Record, January 29, 1896.
12. The Toronto Evening Star (“Told by the Wires”) reported that “she had been outraged” on January 29, 1896.
13. “Foul and Shocking Murder,” Bridgetown Monitor, January 29, 1896.
14. “14-year-old Girl Murdered,” Morning Chronicle, January 29, 1896.
15. Parker, Historic Annapolis Valley, 48.
16. “Wheeler Confesses,” Annapolis Spectator, July 3, 1896.
Additional source: “The Bear River Murder,” Saint John Daily Sun, February 8, 1896.
Three — Blame It on Saucy Jack
1. Newton, Encyclopedia of Serial Killers, 131; see also Sugden, Jack the Ripper.
2. Curtis, Jack the Ripper and the London Press, 65.
3. Newton, Encyclopedia of Serial Killers, 132.
4. Ibid.
5. Sugden, Jack the Ripper, 48.
6. Curtis, Jack the Ripper and the London Press, 65.
7. Ibid., 38.
8. Newton, Encyclopedia of Serial Killers, 132.
9. “Wheeler’s Confessions,” Digby Weekly Courier, July 10, 1896.
10. “Murder at Bear River,” Digby Weekly Courier, January 28, 1896.
Four — The Ineffable Detective Power
1. “Letter to the Editor,” Halifax Herald, February 13, 1919.
2. “Drunkenness the City’s Worst Problem,” Halifax Herald, May 4, 1906; see also McGahan, “Detective Nick Power.”
3. “Detective Nick Power,” Halifax Herald, November 21, 1903.
4. “Nicholas Power Obituary,” October 3, 1938, MG 100, vol. 209 #31, NSA; “Planned Death for Prince at Halifax,” Halifax Mail, n.d.
Additional sources: McGahan, “Crime and Policing”; McGahan, “Police Commission”; McGahan, “Halifax Police Department”; Halifax Police Staff Register, 1892-1914, RG 35, 120 series, 16H vol. 6, NSA; “Nicholas Power, Colorful Haligonian, Passes to his Reward,” Halifax Chronicle, October 3, 1938; “Eventful Life of Ex-Chief Power,” Morning Chronicle, March 30, 1918; “Chief of Police Power Resigns after Forty-Three Years Faithful Service,” Morning Herald, November 4, 1907; “Chief Nicholas Power Resigned from Head of Police Force,” Nova Scotian and Weekly Chronicle, November 8, 1907.
Five — The Inquest
1. Lovett’s biography was taken primarily from Hall, Heritage Remembered, as well as fr...

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Title Page
  3. One
  4. Two
  5. Three
  6. Four
  7. Five
  8. Six
  9. Seven
  10. Eight
  11. Nine
  12. Ten
  13. Eleven
  14. Twelve
  15. Thirteen
  16. Fourteen
  17. Fifteen
  18. Sixteen
  19. Seventeen
  20. Eighteen
  21. Nineteen
  22. Twenty
  23. Twenty-one
  24. Twenty-two
  25. Twenty-three
  26. Twenty-four
  27. Twenty-five
  28. Twenty-six
  29. Twenty-seven
  30. Twenty-eight
  31. Twenty-nine
  32. Thirty
  33. Thirty-one
  34. Thirty-two
  35. Thirty-three
  36. Thirty-four
  37. Thirty-five
  38. Thirty-six
  39. Thirty-seven
  40. Thirty-eight
  41. Thirty-nine
  42. Forty
  43. Forty-one
  44. Forty-two
  45. Forty-three
  46. Forty-four
  47. Forty-five
  48. Forty-six
  49. Acknowledgements
  50. Notes
  51. Selected Bibliography
  52. Illustration Credits
  53. Index
  54. Author Bio
  55. Back Cover