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Energy Processing and Smart Grid
About This Book
The first book in the field to incorporate fundamentals of energy systems and their applications to smart grid, along with advanced topics in modeling and control
This book provides an overview of how multiple sources and loads are connected via power electronic devices. Issues of storage technologies are discussed, and a comparison summary is given to facilitate the design and selection of storage types. The need for real-time measurement and controls are pertinent in future grid, and this book dedicates several chapters to real-time measurements such as PMU, smart meters, communication scheme, and protocol and standards for processing and controls of energy options.
Organized into nine sections, Energy Processing for the Smart Grid gives an introduction to the energy processing concepts/topics needed by students in electrical engineering or non-electrical engineering who need to work in areas of future grid development. It covers such modern topics as renewable energy, storage technologies, inverter and converter, power electronics, and metering and control for microgrid systems. In addition, this text:
- Provides the interface between the classical machines courses with current trends in energy processing and smart grid
- Details an understanding of three-phase networks, which is needed to determine voltages, currents, and power from source to sink under different load models and network configurations
- Introduces different energy sources including renewable and non-renewable energy resources with appropriate modeling characteristics and performance measures
- Covers the conversion and processing of these resources to meet different DC and AC load requirements
- Provides an overview and a case study of how multiple sources and loads are connected via power electronic devices
- Benefits most policy makers, students and manufacturing and practicing engineers, given the new trends in energy revolution and the desire to reduce carbon output
Energy Processing for the Smart Grid is a helpful text for undergraduates and first year graduate students in a typical engineering program who have already taken network analysis and electromagnetic courses.
Frequently asked questions
Information
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
- match generation with load
- serve as a reserve margin
- help stabilize the power system
- increase reliability and affordability
- reduce the impact of threats on the bulk power system
- A basic review of network (circuit) analysis and electromagnetics is provided. This includes discussion on the fundamental concepts of three-phase analysis of AC sources to different load configurations. The text assumes the sources are AC that can be converted to DC or AC/DC or DC/AC using inverters and converters, as discussed in Chapter 12. A set of hand-calculation exercises is presented although software tools such as NEPLAN [3], Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) [4], and Personal Computer Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (PSPICE) [5] can also be used. Balanced or unbalanced conditions can also be analyzed using symmetrical components.
- Electromagnetic concepts are introduced by providing the unified theory of Maxwell's equations and their applications for understanding machinery concepts, including transformers, synchronous and induction machines, and DC machines. The unified theories of Faraday, Lenz, and Ampère are given to illustrate the concept of electromagnetic computation. Equivalent analogous forms of magnetic circuits in electric circuits are given for magnetic circuits with rectangular and toroidal shapes with and without air gaps for different ferromagnetic materials.
- Fundamental understanding of machines is discussed. This includes the conversion process and the role of Maxwell's equations. The construction and model of the machines using electrical network equivalents are given using short-circuit and open-circuit analyses for determining the equivalent parameters [6]. The power flow in each machineâaccounting for conversion, electrical, mechanical, and stray lossesâis given. Following this, the text provides a guide for computing efficiency of the power input relative to the output power received. In addition, voltage regulation and control strategies to achieve optimum energy processing are discussed.
- Fundamental knowledge of storage and renewable resources is important for development of future grids where sustainability and mobile power are needed. Storage is safe, inexpensive, and the reason for interest in the design of future environmentally friendly grids. The text provides a working model, description, size, and metrics of different resources and storage technologies. Software packages are recommended for studying the impact of RER for reliability and costâbenefit analysis for stand-alone distribution system topologies for the future grid.
- Efficient technology to handle processing energy from one state or form to another includes inverters and converters, which provide AC/DC, DC/DC, or DC/AC conversion from a given resource to given loads. To minimize poor power quality, different electronic devices and filters are used. The text provides a fundamental knowledge of power electronics to allow the reader appropriate choices of electronic devices for energy processing.
- In designing the operation and management of the smart grid and microgrids, real-time processing of energy and information is essential. We present an overview of real-time data such as voltage, current, power, and frequency, which measure the status of the grid via smart meters and phasor measurement units (PMUs). The formulations and specifications of the devices and their use in communication and control schemes are given. Work in areas of real-time voltage-stability management, power quality, frequency control, voltage/volt-ampere reactive (var), reconfiguration, and several other grid functions are included in the proposed exercises.
- We provide a description for understanding the smart grid and microgrid, including functionality, architecture, and the test bed. The chapters integrating the concept of microgrids in this text are an evolving process. Research work and laboratory exercises are important activities for general electrical installations.
- Finally, the design of microgrid systems with smart grid functions is described.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- J. A. Momoh, S. Meliopoulos, and R. Saint, Centralized and Distributed Generated Power System -- A Comparative Approach, PSERC publication, June 2012.
- J. Momoh, Smart Grid -- Fundamentals of Design and Analysis, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2012.
- https://www.neplan.ch
- https://etap.com
- www.pspice.com
- Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Electrical Power Systems -- Design and Analysis, IEEE Press, 1983.
CHAPTER 2
ELECTRIC NETWORK ANALYSIS IN ENERGY PROCESSING AND SMART GRID
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Table of contents
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Foreword
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 Electric Network Analysis in Energy Processing and Smart Grid
- Chapter 3 Magnetic Systems for Energy Processing
- Chapter 4 Transformers
- Chapter 5 Induction Machines
- Chapter 6 Synchronous Machines
- Chapter 7 Dc Machines
- Chapter 8 Permanent-Magnet Motors
- Chapter 9 Renewable Energy Resources
- Chapter 10 Storage Systems in the Smart Grid
- Chapter 11 Power Electronics
- Chapter 12 Converters and Inverters
- Chapter 13 Microgrid Application Design and Technology
- Chapter 14 Microgrid Operational Management
- Chapter 15 the Smart Grid: an Introduction
- Chapter 16 Smart-Grid Layers and Control
- Chapter 17 Energy Processing and Smart-Grid Test Beds
- Index
- End User License Agreement