City Logistics 3

Towards Sustainable and Liveable Cities

Eiichi Taniguchi, Russell G. Thompson

• Publisher: Wiley-ISTE
• Year: 2018
• ISBN:
  9781119527725
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Architecture
• Subtopic: Urban Planning & Landscaping

This volume of three books presents recent advances in modelling, planning and evaluating city logistics for sustainable and liveable cities based on the application of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems). It highlights modelling the behaviour of stakeholders who are involved in city logistics as well as planning and managing policy measures of city logistics including cooperative freight transport systems in public-private partnerships. Case studies of implementing and evaluating city logistics measures in terms of economic, social and environmental benefits from major cities around the world are also given.

1
Integrating Direct and Reverse Logistics in a “Living Lab” Context: Evaluating Stakeholder Acceptability and the Potential of Gamification to Foster Sustainable Urban Freight Transport

This chapter tests stakeholder acceptability and their likely behavior change with respect to innovative solutions for improving urban freight transport efficiency and fostering city sustainability. The proposed solution concerns a new system for integrating direct and reverse logistics in the urban area of Rome with the aim of improving clean waste collection, while also minimizing transport-related CO₂ emissions. An ex ante behavioral analysis based on a stated preference survey has been conducted to investigate stakeholder preferences for different scenario configurations associated with recycling, so as to boost the success of the initiative and promote sustainable behavior. Results show that an environmentally friendly transport system and a gamification process associated with recycling are the most important attributes for stakeholders. Scenarios including these two elements are the most effective in terms of the amount of recycled materials and potentially saved CO₂. Results of the behavioral analysis are useful to plan the functioning of the proposed solution according to stakeholders’ preferences and pave the way for its upscaling and transferability.

1.1. Introduction

The EU’s efforts to develop a sustainable, low carbon, resource efficient and competitive economy rely on a transition to circular economy paradigm, where the value of products, materials and resources is maintained for as long as possible and the generation of waste minimized [EUR 15a]. Waste recycling is considered fundamental so that the EU action plan for the circular economy includes long-term targets to reduce landfilling and increase the preparation for reuse and the recycling of key waste streams such as municipal waste and packaging waste [EUR 15a]. In fact, waste management is a major issue for the sustainability of urban areas. Many countries are facing problems related to landfill capacity and emissions from combustion, leading to an increased attention paid and effort made to reduce, reuse and recycle waste.

The need to recycle has implications on logistics which negatively affect the environment. In fact, door-to-door systems applied to several types of recycling materials would require a large number of trucks and fragmented collection taking place that negatively impacts service efficiency, while using ad hoc collection points would require costly infrastructure interventions, greater effort and involvement of citizens and additional dedicated trips. Thus, transport management is critical, and additional routes are needed.

Reverse logistics includes all the logistic activities related to the recycling, substituting, reusing and disposing of materials [STO 92]. It involves planning, implementing and controlling an efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and pertinent information from consumption to the retrieval or proper disposal of the product [ROG 98]. Efficient reverse logistics systems commonly produce both economic (i.e. recovering the value of goods transported) and environmental benefits (i.e. reuse and recycle waste) without producing additional negative externalities (i.e. congestion and pollutant emissions). Reverse logistics and recycling are therefore strictly related, and different governmental-based strategies can be implemented to foster a broader development of logistic systems for controlling reverse bound flows of recycled materials [WRI 11]. Transport occurs at several stages within the recycling channel and often represents the largest logistical cost [POH 92].

The two fundamental aspects to consider in setting up an efficient reverse logistics process aimed at recycling are as follows:

• – Although transport is fundamental to our economy and society, its impacts, in particular at the urban scale, are severe, affecting the livability and sustainability of our cities [EUR 11]. It represents one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions at the global level and is the only economic sector in Europe that has witnessed an increase in emissions by 19.4% over the period since 1990 [EUR 15b]. In this respect, there is a need for a better integration of freight activities in the urban transport system with context-specific measures to improve life quality standards within cities [ALI 15, COM 08].
• – Consumer involvement in recycling is essential. Consumers are the foremost and decisive link in a reverse logistics chain that aims to recycle household packaging residues. In fact, without consumers’ involvement and continuous collaboration, this system cannot produce the expected results [DOV 09]. A “living lab” (LL) approach is desirable, where cities work as contexts for innovation and implementation processes for public and private measures co-created with stakeholders contributing to an increased efficiency and sustainable urban logistics [ERI 05, QUA 16, GAT 17].
• – Based on this premise, this chapter describes the case of the Rome LL within the EU CITYLAB project,¹ whose main objective is to develop knowledge and solutions that result in rollout, upscaling and further implementation of cost-effective str...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• 1 Integrating Direct and Reverse Logistics in a “Living Lab” Context: Evaluating Stakeholder Acceptability and the Potential of Gamification to Foster Sustainable Urban Freight Transport
• 2 Optimizing the Establishment of a Central City Transshipment Facility to Ameliorate Last-Mile Delivery: a Case Study in Melbourne CBD
• 3 Simulation of a City Logistics Solution for Montreal
• 4 Simulation Applied to Urban Logistics: A State of the Art
• 5 Can the Crowd Deliver? Analysis of Crowd Logistics’ Types and Stakeholder Support
• 6 Preliminary Investigation of a Crowdsourced Package Delivery System: A Case Study
• 7 Concepts of an Integrated Platform for Innovative City Logistics with Urban Consolidation Centers and Transshipment Points
• 8 E-Consumers and Their Perception of Automated Parcel Stations
• 9 Loading/Unloading Space Location and Evaluation: An Approach through Real Data
• 10 Understanding Road Freight Movements in Melbourne
• 11 High-Resolution Last-Mile Network Design
• 12 Cooperative Models for Addressing Urban Freight Challenges: The NOVELOG and U-TURN Approaches
• 13 The Capacity of Indonesian Logistics Service Providers in Information and Communication Technology Adoption
• 14 An Explorative Approach to Freight Trip Attraction in an Industrial Urban Area
• 15 Choice of Using Distribution Centers in the Container Import Chain: a Hybrid Model Correcting for Missing Information
• 16 Applying Gamification to Freight Surveys: Understanding Singapore Truck Drivers’ Preferences
• 17 Urban Distribution of Craft-Brewed Beer in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area
• 18 Issues and Challenges in Urban Logistics Planning in Indonesia
• 19 From City Logistics Theories to City Logistics Planning
• 20 Strategies to Improve Urban Freight Logistics in Historical Centers: the Cases of Lisbon and Mexico City
• List of Authors
• Index
• End User License Agreement