Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress

Biology and Biotechnology

Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Durgesh K. Tripathi, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9781119463672
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Scienze biologiche
• Subtopic: Biologia

A close examination of current research on abiotic stresses in various plant species

The unpredictable environmental stress conditions associated with climate change are significant challenges to global food security, crop productivity, and agricultural sustainability. Rapid population growth and diminishing resources necessitate the development of crops that can adapt to environmental extremities. Although significant advancements have been made in developing plants through improved crop breeding practices and genetic manipulation, further research is necessary to understand how genes and metabolites for stress tolerance are modulated, and how cross-talk and regulators can be tuned to achieve stress tolerance.

Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress: Biology and Biotechnology is an extensive investigation of the various forms of abiotic stresses encountered in plants, and susceptibility or tolerance mechanisms found in different plant species. In-depth examination of morphological, anatomical, biochemical, molecular and gene expression levels enables plant scientists to identify the different pathways and signaling cascades involved in stress response. This timely book:

• Covers a wide range of abiotic stresses in multiple plant species
• Provides researchers and scientists with transgenic strategies to overcome stress tolerances in several plant species
• Compiles the most recent research and up-to-date data on stress tolerance
• Examines both selective breeding and genetic engineering approaches to improving plant stress tolerances
• Written and edited by prominent scientists and researchers from across the globe

Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress: Biology and Biotechnology is a valuable source of information for students, academics, scientists, researchers, and industry professionals in fields including agriculture, botany, molecular biology, biochemistry and biotechnology, and plant physiology.

1
Plant Tolerance to Environmental Stress: Translating Research from Lab to Land

P. Suprasanna¹ and S. B. Ghag²

¹ Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400 085 Mumbai, India

² Department of Biology, UM‐DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400 098, India

³ Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 095, India

1.1 Introduction

Food security for a burgeoning human population in a sustainable ecosystem is an important goal. However, the threat from climate change and unpredictable environmental extremes (Abberton et al. 2016) to plant growth and productivity (Lobell and Gourdji 2012; Gray and Brady 2016; Tripathi et al. 2016a) is increasing. Climate change‐driven effects, especially from erratic environmental fluctuations, can result in increased prevalence of abiotic stresses and, pests and pathogens in crop plants (Chakraborty and Newton 2011; Batley and Edwards 2016). Various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature, and heavy metals have been shown to diminish average yields by more than 50% for major crops (Wang et al. 2003; Pereira 2016; Tripathi et al. 2016c).

Over the years, considerable information has become available on the stress‐related genetic repertoire of genes, quantitative trait loci and molecular networks governing plant responses to drought, salinity, heat, and other abiotic stresses (Krasensky and Jonak 2012; Liu et al. 2018). This knowhow about genes and their regulation will enable improvements in stress tolerance in crops, in the face of the imminent threat of climate change, impacting crop genetic diversity and the productivity of staple food crops. Global temperature rises of 2–3 °C are predicted to push crops toward extinction and even wild species that have so far been considered valuable genetic resource may also be affected. This will have negative consequences locally as well as globally, because the key traits for adaptiveness to climate change and variability adaptation may be lost forever. It is hence desirable that additional genetic variability should be introduced through mutagenesis or other approaches. Over the past few decades, great success has been achieved through selection, breeding, hybridization, recombination, and mutation to broaden genetic variability for important traits conferring adaptation of many species to changing biotic, climatic, and environmental pressures.

Crop plants are susceptible to climate‐driven abiotic (elevated CO₂, heat, drought, salinity, flooding) and biotic effects (Chapman et al. 2012). Several reviews have critically discussed the impact of climate change on various crop systems (Ahuja et al. 2010; Yadav et al. 2011; Tripathi et al. 2016a). Abiotic stresses elicit a plethora of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations (Singh et al. 2015a,b; Tripathi et al. 2016b, 2017; Singh et al. 2017; Suprasanna et al. 2018). The impact of stress has been shown to induce modulated gene function of structural genes, regulatory genes, and other master regulators (Zhu 2016; Patel et al. 2018). Plant defenses are endowed with molecular components of stress signal perception, osmotic and ionic homeostasis, hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems, metabolic pathways, etc. (Figure 1.1). There are specific responses that are osmotic, hormonal, ionic, signal transduction, and transcription factor based, and there are also nonspecific responses that are activated by ROS (Mittler and Blumwald 2010, Muchate et al. 2016). Despite tremendous knowledge that has been generated in understanding abiotic stress responses, an integrated informat...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• List of Contributors
• 1 Plant Tolerance to Environmental Stress: Translating Research from Lab to Land
• 2 Morphological and Anatomical Modifications of Plants for Environmental Stresses
• 3 Stomatal Regulation as a Drought‐tolerance Mechanism
• 4 Antioxidative Machinery for Redox Homeostasis During Abiotic Stress
• 5 Osmolytes and their Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
• 6 Elicitor‐mediated Amelioration of Abiotic Stress in Plants
• 7 Role of Selenium in Plants Against Abiotic Stresses: Phenological and Molecular Aspects
• 8 Polyamines Ameliorate Oxidative Stress by Regulating Antioxidant Systems and Interacting with Plant Growth Regulators
• 9 Abscisic Acid in Abiotic Stress‐responsive Gene Expression
• 10 Abiotic Stress Management in Plants: Role of Ethylene
• 11 Crosstalk Among Phytohormone Signaling Pathways During Abiotic Stress
• 12 Plant Molecular Chaperones: Structural Organization and their Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance
• 13 Chloride (Cl−) Uptake, Transport, and Regulation in Plant Salt Tolerance
• 14 The Root Endomutualist Piriformospora indica: A Promising Bio‐tool for Improving Crops under Salinity Stress
• 15 Root Endosymbiont‐mediated Priming of Host Plants for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
• 16 Insight into the Molecular Interaction Between Leguminous Plants and Rhizobia Under Abiotic Stress
• 17 Effect of Nanoparticles on Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Defense System in Plants
• 18 Marker‐assisted Selection for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
• 19 Transgenes: The Key to Understanding Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice
• 20 Impact of Next‐generation Sequencing in Elucidating the Role of microRNA Related to Multiple Abiotic Stresses
• 21 Understanding the Interaction of Molecular Factors During the Crosstalk Between Drought and Biotic Stresses in Plants
• Index
• End User License Agreement