Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Chest, Abdomen, Lumbar Region, and Retroperitoneal Space

Z. M. Seagal

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2018
• ISBN:
  9781119526711
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Anatomy

The third medical atlas in this new series on the human body and filled with detailed pictures, this atlas details the topographical and pathotopographical anatomy of the chest, abdomen, lumbar region, and retroperitoneal space, a useful reference for medical professionals and students alike.

Written by an experienced and well-respected physician and professor, this new volume, building on the previous volume, Ultrasonic Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy, and its sequel, Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Head and Neck, also available from Wiley-Scrivener, presents the ultrasonic topographical and pathotopographical anatomy of the chest, abdomen, lumbar region, and retroperitoneal space, offering further detail into these important areas for use by medical professionals.

This series of atlases of topographic and pathotopographic human anatomy is a fundamental and practically important series designed for doctors of all specializations and students of medical schools. Here you can find almost everything that is connected with the topographic and pathotopographic human anatomy, including original graphs of logical structures of topographic anatomy and development of congenital abnormalities, topography of different areas in layers, pathotopography, and computer and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of topographic and pathotopographic anatomy. Also you can find here new theoretical and practical sections of topographic anatomy developed by the author himself which are published for the first time. They are practically important for mastering the technique of operative interventions and denying the possibility of iatrogenic complications during operations.

This important new volume will be valuable to physicians, junior physicians, medical residents, lecturers in medicine, and medical students alike, either as a textbook or as a reference. It is a must-have for any physician's library.

Part 1
The Chest

Topographic Anatomy of the Chest

Chest borders. The chest walls (paries thoracis) and chest cavity (cavum thoracis) together compose the chest (thorax). The superior chest border runs along the upper edge of the clavicle and the manubrium of sternum, and on the back — along the horizontal line drawn through the spinous process of the 7^th cervical vertebra. The lower border goes down obliquely from the xiphoid process along the costal arches and on the back along the 12^th rib and the spinous process of the 12^th thoracic vertebra. The muscular-fascial layer of the chest is presented at the back with the latissimus dorsi muscle, on the sides with the serratus anterior muscles, and in front with the major and minor pectoral muscles. External and internal intercostal muscles are located in the chest itself; the space between these muscles is filled with cellular tissue with intercostal arteries, veins and nerves. The superior chest aperture (apertura thoracis superior) is bounded by the posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum, the inner edges of the first ribs and the first thoracic vertebra. The inferior chest aperture (aperture thoracis inferior) is bounded by the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, the lower margins of the costal arches and the 10^th thoracic vertebra anteriorly.

The prethoracic, thoracic, inframammary, scapular, subscapular and vertebral regions are identified.

Chest Cavity Organs Projection and Layers of Chest

Pleura projection (Figure 1). Lower pleural margins go on the midclavicular line — along the 7^th rib; on the anterior axillary line — along the 8^th rib; on the midaxillary line — along the 10^th rib; on the scapular line — along the 11^th rib; on the paraspinal line — until the 12^th thoracic vertebra. Posterior margins correspond to costovertebral joints. The cervical pleura overhang the collar bone and correspond to the level of the spinous process of the 7^th clervical vertebra posteriorly and anteriorly it is projected 2-3 cm above the collar bone.

Figure 1 Transverse section of the chest. Diaphragm.

Lung projection (Figure 2). The anterior margin of the left lung starts from the 4^th costal cartilage. Then, because of the cardiac notch, it slants to the left midclavicular line. The lower margins of the lungs correspond to the 6^th costal cartilage on the right sternal line and on the left parasternal line: on the midclavicular line — to the upper margin of the 7^th rib; on the anterior axillary line — to the lower margin of the 7^th rib; on the midaxillary line — to the 8^th rib; on the scapular line — to the 10^th rib, and on the parasinal line — to the 11^th rib. The lung margin moves down in inhale. The lung apex is identified 3-4 cm above the collar bone.

Figure 2 Lung segments.

Lobus superior: 1 – seg. apicale; 2 – seg. posterius; 3 – seg. anterius. Lobus medius: 4 – seg. laterale (правого легкого) et seg. lingulare superius (left lung); 5 – seg. mediale (right lung) et seg. lingulare inferius (left lung). Lobus inferior: 6 – seg. apicale; 7 – seg. basale anterius; 8 – seg. basale laterale; 9 – seg. basale posterius

Thymus (Figures 3, 4) is located in the superior interpleural space. Superiorly it borders on the jugular notch of the sternum, above the level of the 2^nd rib; on the sides — with the parietal pleura margins.

Figure 3 Thymus gland and its connection with the thyroid gland.

Figure 4 Differences in the shape and number of thymus glands.

a – two lobes, b – three lobes, c – four lobes.

Heart projection (Figure 5). Upper margin of the heart matches a horizontal line, drawn at the level of the 3^rd costal cartilage insertion to the breast bone. The right margin is a line, connecting the upper edge of the 2^nd rib on the right with the upper edge of the 3^rd rib 1 cm to the right of the breast bone; then it continues in the form of the arch from the 3^rd to the 5^th ribs, as a bulge, heading to the right, at a distance of 1.5 cm from the right edge of the breast bone. The lower margin starts from the place where the 5^th rib is attached on the right, through the metasternum base to the fifth intercostal space on the left, stopping short 1.5 cm from the midclavicular line.

Figure 5 Topography of blood vessels, heart, right lung.

1 – larynx; 2 – gl. thyroidea; 3 – arcus aortae; 4 – truncus arteriosus; 5 – truncus pulmonalis; 6 – auricula sinistra; 7 – ventriculus sinister; 8 – apex cordis; 9 – ventriculus dexter; 10 – atrium dextrum; 11 – pulmo dextrum; 12 – v. cava superior; 13 – v. subclavia dextra; 14 – v. jugularis interna; 15 – a. carotis communis dextra.

The left margin is a line connecting the lower edge of the 1^st rib on the left and the upper edge of the 2^nd rib where they are attached to the breast bone, at the level of the 2^nd intercostal space 2.5 cm to the left of the breast bone edge, then up to the point, placed 1.5-2 cm inwards the midclavicular line. The apex of the heart is projected on the left in the 5^th intercostal sp...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Preface
• Part 1: The Chest
• Part 2: Abdomen
• Part 3: Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space
• Part 4: Pathotography Chest
• About the Author
• End User License Agreement