Energy Production Systems Engineering

Thomas Howard Blair

• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
• Year: 2016
• ISBN:
  9781119238034
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Energy

Energy Production Systems Engineering presents IEEE, Electrical Apparatus Service Association (EASA), and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards of engineering systems and equipment in utility electric generation stations.

• Includes fundamental combustion reaction equations
• Provides methods for measuring radioactivity and exposure limits
• Includes IEEE, American Petroleum Institute (API), and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards for motor applications
• Introduces the IEEE C37 series of standards, which describe the proper selections and applicationsof switchgear
• Describes how to use IEEE 80 to calculate the touch and step potential of a ground grid design

This book enables engineers and students to acquire through study the pragmatic knowledge and skills in the field that could take years to acquire through experience alone.

CHAPTER 1
ELECTRICAL SAFETY

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GOALS

• To understand the basic requirements of OSHA 1910.269 and Subpart S
• To apply recommendations of NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code^®) and NFPA 70E (Electrical Safety in the Workplace) for compliance with OSHA 1910 Subpart S
• To apply recommendations of IEEE C2 (National Electrical Safety Code) for compliance with OSHA 1910.269
• To be able to determine minimum approach distance (MAD), limited approach boundary, restricted approach boundary, and arc flash boundary for installation
• To be able to determine minimum safety clearance for electric supply station fences
• To be able to determine the minimum illumination requirements for electric supply station locations
• To be able to determine the proper electrical PPE (personal protective equipment) required for various tasks
• To be able to determine the correct classification for areas where hazardous materials may be present

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IF ONE were to try to reduce the function of the electrical engineer in the electric power generation industry to one sentence, it would be “to ensure the design, implementation, and operation of a SAFE and RELIABLE electrical system.” Electrical safety is of primary importance in the electric utility generation industry. The generation industry is unique from other industrial environments. The available short-circuit fault currents can be very large since the generation source is close and can supply a large amount of fault current. The service voltages at various pieces of equipment can be greater in magnitude for the larger electrical machines utilized in the generation station. Combustible materials may be handled, stored, and utilized in power generation facilities. The above conditions require the power plant electrical engineer to be very familiar with governmental regulations and industry standards regarding safety requirements to ensure the safe operation of the generation facility.

OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) (osha.gov) issues regulations that cover occupational health and safety. These regulations have the same effect as law. For general industry, which includes utilities, the applicable regulation is OSHA CFR 1910 – General Industry Standards. For general industry, electrical safety is covered under Subpart S. However, under OSHA CFR 1910, there is a separate section for special industries under Subpart R and the electric utility industry is covered under OSHA 1910.269 of Subpart R. This section covers the operation and maintenance of electric power generation systems and equipment and applies to installations utilized for the generation of electrical energy that are accessible only to qualified employees. One might think that all of the requirements for a generation facility fall under OSHA CFR 1910.269 and not OSHA CFR 1910 Subpart S since OSHA CFR 1910.269 regulations were written for electric generation, transmission, and distribution systems, but that is not always the case. So how does a plant engineer know when to apply OSHA 1910 Subpart S (general industry) or OSHA 1910 Subpart R 269 or possibly both regulations? OSHA provides guidance with that question in Appendix A of 1910.269.

To understand how Appendix A addresses this, we need to understand that OSHA segregates its safety requirements into two general categories: electrical safe installation methods and electrical safe work practices.

1910.269 Appendix A-1 as shown in Figure 1.1 answers the question of which regulation (1910.269 or 1910 Subpart S) applies to electrical installation requirements and 1910.269 Appendix A-2 as shown in Figure 1.2 answers the question of which regulation (1910.269 or 1910 Subpart S) applies to electrical safe work practices.

Figure 1.1 Appendix A-1 – Application of 1910.269 and 1910 Subpart S to Electrical Installations. .

Source: Reproduced with permission of U.S. Department of Labor

Figure 1.2 Appendix A-2 – Application of 1910.269 and 1910 Subpart S to Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices. .

Source: Reproduced with permission of U.S. Department of Labor

For regulations regarding the safety of the electrical installation, if the facility is directly associated with a generation, transmission, or distribution system, then OSHA CFR 1910.269 is th...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Series Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• List of Annex
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Electrical Safety
• Chapter 2 Basic Thermal Cycles
• Chapter 3 Boilers and Steam Generators
• Chapter 4 Fossil Fuels and The Basic Combustion Process
• Chapter 6 Nuclear Power
• Chapter 7 Conveyors
• Chapter 8 Fans
• Chapter 9 Pumps
• Chapter 10 Condenser Cooling System
• Chapter 11 Steam Turbines
• Chapter 12 Gas Turbines
• Chapter 13 Reciprocating Engines
• Chapter 14 Electrical System
• Chapter 15 Transformers and Reactors
• Chapter 16 Generators
• Chapter 17 Motors
• Chapter 18 Variablefrequency Drivesystems
• Chapter 19 Switchgear
• Chapter 20 Battery/Vital Bus Systems
• Chapter 21 Ground System
• Chapter 22 Electrical System Protection and Coordination
• chapter 23 control systems
• Chapter 24 Instruments and Meters
• Chapter 25 Valves and Actuators
• Chapter 26 Emission Control Systems
• Chapter 27 Water Treatment
• Chapter 28 Solar and Wind Energy
• Annexes
• Index
• IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering
• Eula