Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology

Curtis W. Dewey, Ronaldo C. da Costa, Curtis W. Dewey, Ronaldo C. da Costa

• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• Year: 2015
• ISBN:
  9781119062042
• Edition: 3
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Veterinary Medicine

Now in full color, Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology, Third Edition provides a fully updated new edition of the most complete resource on managing neurology cases in small animal practice, with video clips on a companion website.

• Provides comprehensive information for diagnosing and treating neurological conditions
• Printed in full color for the first time, with 400 new or improved images throughout
• Offers new chapters on differential diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging, and movement disorders
• Retains the logical structure and easy-to-follow outline format of the previous editions

Includes access to video clips of specific disorders and a how-to video demonstrating the neurologic assessment online and a link to a digital canine brain atlas at www.wiley.com/go/dewey/neurology

CHAPTER 1
Signalment and History: The First Considerations

Curtis W. Dewey & Ronaldo C. da Costa

Introduction

When presented with a patient that is suspected of having a neurologic disorder, the signalment (i.e. breed, age, and sex) and history are often helpful in guiding the clinician toward the most likely diagnosis. It is important to recognize, however, that this information is adjunctive to the neurologic examination. Properly weighting the importance of signalment and history will help avoid “tunnel vision” when devising diagnostic plans and implementing treatment strategies.

Signalment^{1–3, 5}

The information in Table 1.1 and Table 1.2 provides a summary of suspected and confirmed breed predilections for various neurologic disorders. Knowledge of breed predilections can be very helpful when considering differential diagnoses, especially for uncommon presentations (e.g. neuropathies in juvenile patients). The clinician should be aware of the limitations of breed predilection tables, however. Newly discovered breed predilections or undiscovered breed predilections will not necessarily be represented in a table. In other words, breed predilection tables tend to increase in size with successive textbook editions. Also, breeds other than those reportedly predisposed to a particular disorder may occasionally be affected by that disorder. Finally, certain rare disorders may have only one or a few members of a certain breed reported in the literature. Since some of these disorders are inherited (e.g. lysosomal storage diseases), it may be assumed that the breed is at risk, despite low numbers of actually confirmed cases.

Table 1.1 Breed-associated neurologic abnormalities of dogs.

Afghan Hound	Acquired (idiopathic) laryngeal paralysis Hereditary myelopathy (leukodystrophy) Narcolepsy/cataplexy Retinal degeneration
Airedale Terrier	Cerebellar abiotrophy Cerebellar hypoplasia Congenital myasthenia gravis Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis
Akita	Acquired myasthenia gravis Congenital deafness Congenital vestibular disease (bilateral) Glycogenolysis (type III)
Alaskan Husky	Gangliosidosis (GM1) Mitochondrial encephalopathy (Leigh's disease, subacute necrotizing encephalopathy)
Alaskan Malamute	Hereditary polyneuropathy Myelodysplasia Muscular dystrophy Osteochondromatosis of the vertebrae
American Bulldog	Ceroid lipofuscinosis
American Eskimo dog	Congenital deafness
Australian Blue Heeler	Congenital deafness
Australian Cattle dog	Ceroid lipofuscinosis Congenital deafness Dermatomyositis Mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy Myotonia congenita Polioencephalomyelopathy
Australian Kelpie	Cerebellar abiotrophy
Australian Shepherd	Ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN 6) Congenital deafness
Basset Hound	Cervical spondylomyelopathy (bony stenosis) Degenerative disc disease (type I) Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease) Glycoproteinosis (Lafora's disease)
Bavarian Mountain dog	Cerebellar abiotrophy
Beagle	Agenesis vermis cerebellum Congenital deafness Congenital vestibular disease Cerebellar abiotrophy Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease) Glycoproteinosis (Lafora's disease) Idiopathic epilepsy Intervertebral disc disease (type I) Methionine deficiency-related spinal myelinopathy Narcolepsy Necrotizing vasculitis (steroid meningitis,...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• About the Editors
• Notes on Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Companion Website
• 1 Signalment and History: The First Considerations
• 2 Performing the Neurologic Examination
• 3 Lesion Localization: Functional and Dysfunctional Neuroanatomy
• 4 Differential Diagnosis
• 5 Neurodiagnostics
• 6 Principles and Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• 7 Encephalopathies: Disorders of the Brain
• 8 Head-Trauma Management
• 9 Seizures and Narcolepsy
• 10 Involuntary Movements and Paroxysmal Disorders
• 11 Disorders of Hearing and Balance: The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) and Associated Structures
• 12 Cerebellar Diseases and Tremor Syndromes
• 13 Myelopathies: Disorders of the Spinal Cord
• 14 Disorders of the Cauda Equina
• 15 Spinal Trauma Management
• 16 Neurology and Neuropharmacology of Normal and Abnormal Urination
• 17 Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System: Mononeuropathies and Polyneuropathies
• 18 Myopathies: Disorders of Skeletal Muscle
• 19 Junctionopathies: Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
• 20 Nursing Care and Rehabilitation Therapy for Patients with Neurologic Disease
• 21 Pharmacologic Management of Pain for Patients with Neurologic Disease
• 22 Complementary and Alternative Therapy for Patients with Neurologic Disease
• 23 Neurotoxicological Syndromes
• Canine Brain Atlas
• Canine Brain Atlas Glossary
• Index
• EULA