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Essential Clinical Neuroanatomy
About This Book
Essential Clinical Neuroanatomy is an accessible introduction to regional and functional neuroanatomy, which cuts through the jargon to help you engage with the key concepts. Beautifully presented in full color, with hundreds of annotated illustrations and images, Essential Clinical Neuroanatomy begins with an introductory section on the regional aspects of the topic, then discusses each structure in detail in relation to function. Clinical examples are provided throughout, to reinforce the concepts learned and highlight their clinical relevance.
Essential Clinical Neuroanatomy:
- Features a dedicated chapter on the use of imaging studies used in clinical neuroanatomy, including how to evaluate these images
- Highlights topics important to clinical medicine, but often neglected in other neuroanatomy texts, such as trauma, infection and congenital considerations
- All illustrations and images are oriented in the clinical view, so the correlation between drawings, photomicrographs and clinical imaging is standardized and there is a seamless transition between illustrations containing basic neuroanatomical information and the relevant clinical imaging
- The functional aspects of neuroanatomical structures are color-coded (green = sensory; red = motor; purple = autonomic), so that structure to function relationships can be more easily learned and retained
- Includes self-assessment and thought questions in every chapter
- Supported by a companion website at wileyessential.com/neuroanatomy featuring fully downloadable images, flashcards, and a self-assessment question bank with USMLE-compatible multiple-choice questions
Essential Clinical Neuroanatomy is the perfect resource for medical and health science students taking a course on neuroanatomy, as part of USMLE teaching and as an on-going companion during those first steps in clinical practice.
Frequently asked questions
Information
Part 1
Neuroanatomy of the Central Nervous System
CHAPTER 1
Overview of the nervous system
- Describe the basic subdivisions of the human nervous system.
- Understand basic neuroanatomical terminology.
- Identify the major structures on the external surface of the gross brain.
- Identify the major structures on the midsagittal surface of the brain.
- Identify the cranial nerves.
Divisions of the nervous system
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Brain and spinal cord
- Collection of nerve cell bodies = nucleus
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Peripheral nerves
- Collection of nerve cell bodies = ganglia
- Sensory (afferent)
- General – touch
- Special senses – sight, sound, taste, smell, balance
- Motor (efferent)
- Voluntary (somatic) – skeletal muscle
- Involuntary (autonomic) – smooth and cardiac muscle
- Parasympathetic – craniosacral (III, VII, IX, X, S2–S4)
- Sympathetic – thoracolumbar (T1–L2)
- Integrative – interneurons within the CNS
Components of the nervous system
- Highly specialized, excitable cells
- Morphologic diversity
- Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) – myelin producing
- Oligodendrocytes – myelin producing
- Astrocytes – nutritional support
- Microglia – macrophages (immune support)
Neurons
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Axon hillock
- Terminal arborization/terminal boutons
- Synapse/synaptic vesicles
- Anterograde/retrograde flow
- Soma (perikaryon, cell body)
- Nucleus/nucleolus
- Nissl bodies (rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes)
- Lipofuscin
- Cell membrane (plasmalemma, neurolemma)
- Types: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, pseudounipolar
Glia – central nervous system
- Fibrous astrocytes – white matter
- Protoplasmic astrocytes – gray matter
Central nervous system
- Nerve cell bodies (nuclei)
- Dendrites and axons
- Glia
- Nerve fibers (axons) – myelinated
- Glia
Brain neuroanatomy
- Superior – inferior
- Anterior – posterior
- Dorsal – ventral
- Rostral – caudal
- Sagittal plane
- Midsagittal
- Parasagittal
- Horizontal plane (transverse, axial)
- Frontal plane (coronal)
- Superior
- Interhemispheric fissure (sagittal)
- Precentral gyrus (primary motor)
- Central sulcus
- Postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory)
- Inferior
- Interhemispheric fissure (sagittal)
- Lateral fissure (Sylvian)
- Midbrain – cerebral peduncles
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata – pyramids, inferior olives
- Cerebellum
- Olfactory bulb and tract
- Optic chiasm and tract
- Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
- Mammillary bodies
- Cranial nerves (12)
- Olfactory nerve (I)
- Optic nerve (II)
- Occulomotor nerve (III)
- Trochlear nerve (IV)
- Trigeminal nerve (V)
- Abducens nerve (VI)
- Facial nerve (VII)
- Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
- Vagus nerve (X)
- Spinal accessory nerve (XI)
- Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
- Lateral
- Lateral fissure (Sylvian)
- Brain stem (midbrain, pons, and medulla)
- Cerebellum
- Central sulcus
- Precentral gyrus (primary motor)
- Postcentral gyrus (primary sensory)
- Lobes of the brain
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Occipital lobe (vision)
- Temporal lobe (auditory)
- Insular cortex
- Superior temporal gyrus (auditory)
- Midsagittal
- Frontal cortex
- Parietal cortex
- Occipital cortex
- Cerebellum
- Corpus callosum
- Hypothalamus
- Thalamus
- Pineal gland
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Cingulate gyrus
- Fornix
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus
- Spinal cord
- Central grey matter
- Posterior (dorsal) horn – sensory (afferent)
- Lateral horn – autonomic
- Anterior (ventral) horn – motor (efferent) – alpha motor neurons
- Peripheral white matter
- Reflexes and basic integration
- Cervical (8 nerves)
- Thoracic (12 nerves)
- Lumbar (5 nerves)
- Sacral (5 nerves)
- Coccygeal (1 nerve)
- Central grey matter
- Brain stem
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus – pineal gland
- Cerebrum – cerebral hemispheres – telencephalon
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Six histological layers
- Integration of afferent and efferent information
- Cerebellum
- Three histological layers
- Molecular layer
- Purkinje cell layer
- Granule cell layer
- Coordinates balance and muscle tone
- Three histological layers
- Cranial nerves (12)
- Olfactory nerve (I)
- Optic nerve (...
Table of contents
- Cover
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- About the companion website
- Part 1: Neuroanatomy of the Central Nervous System
- Part 2: The Sensory, Motor, and Integration Systems
- Answers to study questions
- Answers to figures
- Glossary
- Index
- End User License Agreement