Plant Cells and their Organelles

William V. Dashek, Gurbachan S. Miglani

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2016
• ISBN:
  9781118924754
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Botany
• Index: Biological Sciences

Plant Cells and Their Organelles provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of plant organelles. The text focuses on subcellular organelles while also providing relevant background on plant cells, tissues and organs. Coverage of the latest methods of light and electron microscopy and modern biochemical procedures for the isolation and identification of organelles help to provide a thorough and up-to-date companion text to the field of plant cell and subcellular biology. The book is designed as an advanced text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students with student-friendly diagrams and clear explanations.

CHAPTER 1
An introduction to cells and their organelles

William V. Dashek

Retired Faculty, Adult Degree Program, Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, VA, USA

Cells

Parenchyma, chlorenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are the four main plant cell types (Figure 1.1, Evert, 2006). Meristematic cells, which occur in shoot and root meristems, are parenchyma cells. Chlorenchyma cells contain chloroplasts and lack the cell wall thickening layers of collenchyma and sclerenchyma. Certain epidermal cells can be specialized as stomata that are important in gas exchange (Bergmann and Sack, 2007). The diverse cell types (Zhang et al., 2001; Yang and Liu, 2007) are shown in Table 1.1. Photomicrographs of certain of these cell types can be found in Evert (2006), Fahn (1990), Beck (2005), Rudall (2007), Gunning (2009), MacAdam (2009), Wayne (2009), Beck (2009), Assmann and Liu (2014) and Noguchi et al. (2014).

Figure 1.1 Plant cell types: Left: parenchyma (par) and collenchyma (co). Right: sclerenchyma.

Source: Evert (2006). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.

Table 1.1 Plant cell types.

Cell types	Characteristics	References
Epidermal cells	Unspecialized cells; one layer of cells in thickness; outer covering of various plant parts; variable in shape but often tabular	Evert (2006)
Examples
Guard cells	Specialized epidermal cells; crescent shaped; contain chloroplasts; form defines stomatal pore	Wille and Lucas (1984)
Subsidiary cells	Cells which subtend the stomatal guard cells	http://anubis.ru.ac.za/Main/ANATOMY/guardcells.html
Trichomes	An outgrowth of an epidermal cell; can be unicellular or multicellular	Callow (2000)
Parenchyma cells	Isodiametric, thin‐walled primary cell wall; in some instances may have secondary walls; not highly differentiated; function in photosynthesis, secretion, organic nutrient and water storage; regeneration in wound healing	Evert (2006) and Sajeva and Mauseth (1991)
Examples
Transfer cells	Specialized parenchyma cells; plasmalemma greatly expanded; irregular extensions of cell wall into protoplasm; transfer dissolved substances between adjacent cell; occur in pith and cortex of stems and roots; photosynthetic tissues of leaves; flesh of succulent fruits; endosperm of seeds	Dashek et al. (1971) and Offler et al. (2003)
Collenchyma cells	Lamellar or plate collenchyma, with thickenings on the tangential walls
Vascular cells		Evert (2006)
Phloem
Sieve cells
Sieve elements
Companion cells	Specialized parenchyma cells; possess numerous plasmodesmatal connections	Oparka and Turgeon (1999)
Albuminous cells in gymnosperms	Absence of starch; cytoplasmic bridges with sieve cells; dense protoplasm, abundance of polysomes, hig...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• CHAPTER 1: An introduction to cells and their organelles
• CHAPTER 2: Isolation and characterization of subcellular organelles from plant cells
• CHAPTER 3: Endoplasmic reticulum
• CHAPTER 4: The Golgi apparatus
• CHAPTER 5: Microbodies
• CHAPTER 6: Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments
• CHAPTER 7: The mitochondrion
• CHAPTER 8: Nucleus
• CHAPTER 9: Plant cell walls
• CHAPTER 10: Plastid structure and genomics
• CHAPTER 11: Photosynthesis
• CHAPTER 12: Vacuoles and protein bodies
• CHAPTER 13: Systems biology in plant cells and their organelles
• APPENDIX A:
• APPENDIX B:
• APPENDIX C:
• Index
• End User License Agreement