High Temperature Ceramics

3 Key excerpts on "High Temperature Ceramics"

• 

  eBook - ePub

  Materials Under Extreme Conditions

  Recent Trends and Future Prospects

  • A.K. Tyagi, S. Banerjee, A. K. Tyagi(Authors)
  • 2017(Publication Date)
  • Elsevier

    (Publisher)

  Chapter 11

  High-Temperature Ceramics

  R. Mishra, and R.S. Ningthoujam     Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

  Abstract

  High temperature-ceramics are the most attractive materials used in a variety of fields such as building construction, heavy industry, nuclear industry, solid oxide fuel cells, thermal-to-electric energy conversion, and electronics and communication devices. In this chapter, recent advances in oxide-based high-temperature materials are reviewed. In the initial section, classification of ceramic materials, the nature of their bonding, phase transformations, and phase diagram are described. Details of different methods of synthesis of these materials in desired form and their properties for high-temperature applications have also been discussed.

  Keywords

  Building construction; Furnaces; High-temperature ceramics; Properties and applications; Synthesis

  Chapter Outline

  1. Introduction  2. Classification of Ceramics  3. Chemical Bonding  3.1 Madelung Constant  3.2 Lattice Energy  4. Phase Transitions  5. Phase Diagram  5.1 Magnesia–Alumina System  5.2 Alumina-Silica System  6. Preparation and Processing  6.1 Chemical Methods of Synthesis  6.1.1 Precipitation Method  6.1.2 Combustion Method  6.1.3 Sol–Gel Technique  6.1.4 Solvent-Based Synthesis  6.1.5 Hydrothermal- and Solvothermal-Based Synthesis  6.1.6 Microwave Synthesis  6.1.7 Reverse Micelle-Based Synthesis  6.1.8 Solid State Synthesis  6.2 Other Methods  6.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique  6.2.2 Physical Vapor Deposition  6.2.3 Ball Milling or Mechanical Attrition  6.2.4 Electrolysis  6.3 Sintering Process  7. Characterization  8. Properties of Refractory Ceramics  8.1 Brittleness  8.2 Toughness  8.3 Compressive Strength  8.4 Electrical Conductivity  8.5 Vaporization of Ceramics  8.6 Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials  9. Examples of High-Temperature Ceramics and Their Applications 

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  eBook - ePub

  Advanced Structural Ceramics

  • Bikramjit Basu, Kantesh Balani(Authors)
  • 2011(Publication Date)
  • Wiley-American Ceramic Society

    (Publisher)

  Section Five: High-Temperature Ceramics Chapter 13 Overview: High-Temperature Ceramics

  The last few decades have witnessed the development of various boride-based materials and such wider efforts are particularly due to their combination of properties, which include high hardness, elastic modulus, abrasion resistance, and superior thermal and electrical conductivity. The targeted applications include high-temperature structural materials, cutting tools, armor material, electrode materials in metal smelting, and wear parts. In this overview chapter, a review of the current state of knowledge in the development of bulk boride-based materials is presented, with particular emphasis on consolidation–microstructure–property relationships.

  13.1 INTRODUCTION

  The boride-based structural ceramics, because of their refractoriness and high-temperature strength, are well suited for applications at high temperature.1 Among the structural ceramics, titanium diboride (TiB2 ) is considered as the base material for a range of high-technology applications.2,3 TiB2 is a refractory material with a combination of attractive properties, including exceptional hardness (≈25–35 GPa at room temperature, more than three times harder than fully hardened structural steel), which is retained up to high temperature. It has a high melting point (>3000°C), good creep resistance, good thermal conductivity (∼65 W/m·K), high electrical conductivity, and considerable chemical stability. TiB2 also has properties similar to TiC, an important base material for cermets and many of its properties, namely, hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and oxidation resistance, are better than those of TiC.4–7 The unique combination of properties enables TiB2

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  eBook - ePub

  Nanomaterials under Extreme Conditions

  A Systematic Approach to Designing and Applications

  • Manuel Ahumada, María Belén Camarada, Manuel Ahumada Escandon, María Belén Camarada Uribe(Authors)
  • 2023(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  For many processes, such as catalytic combustion, steam reforming, and industrial production, reaction temperatures are typically over 600ºC, and the thermal stability of the material becomes crucial (Zarur and Ying 2000). On the other hand, exploration of outer space requires the design of new nanomaterials resistant to high temperature and pressure. This chapter reviews some typical applications of nanomaterials in applications that need high temperatures, like industrial tools, sensors, and energetic materials. 2. Nanostructured Materials for High-temperature Applications 2.1 Heat-resistant Nanocomposites as Material for Tools The search for innovative materials is continuously developed in many applications like cutting, forming, and casting tools. The most important properties for devices are hardness, toughness, and chemical stability. These properties are relevant in machining operations on hard and tough materials, especially in extreme conditions like interrupted cutting, high-speed cutting, and dry cutting operations. In particular, dry machining is of enhanced research interest because of its environmental benefits. However, the high heat generation during the process may weaken the desirable tool properties leading to failure. Up to date, one of the available solutions with the best results is the modification of surfaces through the deposition of protective coatings to improve tools and components’ lifetime and performances (Gekonde and Subramanian 2002, Mitterer et al. 2000, Sandstrom and Hodowany 1998). Therefore, the oxidation resistance of protective coatings at elevated temperatures becomes a critical focus of interest. Due to the high hot hardness and toughness, mixed alumina is suitable for hard machining purposes (Arunachalam et al. 2004). Ceramics can be mixed with alumina, but vibrations and forces may affect the final behavior (Aslantas et al

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