Cyber-Physical Systems

Foundations, Principles and Applications

Houbing H. Song, Danda B. Rawat, Sabina Jeschke, Christian Brecher, Houbing Herbert Song

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2016
• ISBN:
  9780128038741
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Hardware
• Index: Computer Science

Cyber-Physical Systems: Foundations, Principles and Applications explores the core system science perspective needed to design and build complex cyber-physical systems. Using Systems Science's underlying theories, such as probability theory, decision theory, game theory, organizational sociology, behavioral economics, and cognitive psychology, the book addresses foundational issues central across CPS applications, including System Design -- How to design CPS to be safe, secure, and resilient in rapidly evolving environments, System Verification -- How to develop effective metrics and methods to verify and certify large and complex CPS, Real-time Control and Adaptation -- How to achieve real-time dynamic control and behavior adaptation in a diverse environments, such as clouds and in network-challenged spaces, Manufacturing -- How to harness communication, computation, and control for developing new products, reducing product concepts to realizable designs, and producing integrated software-hardware systems at a pace far exceeding today's timeline. The book is part of the Intelligent Data-Centric Systems: Sensor-Collected Intelligence series edited by Fatos Xhafa, Technical University of Catalonia.

Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to EI-Compendex and SCOPUS

• Includes in-depth coverage of the latest models and theories that unify perspectives, expressing the interacting dynamics of the computational and physical components of a system in a dynamic environment
• Focuses on new design, analysis, and verification tools that embody the scientific principles of CPS and incorporate measurement, dynamics, and control
• Covers applications in numerous sectors, including agriculture, energy, transportation, building design and automation, healthcare, and manufacturing

Part 1

Foundations

Chapter 1

Characterization, Analysis, and Recommendations for Exploiting the Opportunities of Cyber-Physical Systems

M. Törngren*; F. Asplund*; S. Bensalem^†; J. McDermid^‡; R. Passerone^§; H. Pfeifer^¶; A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli**; B. Schätz^{†† *} KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
^† University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
^‡ University of York, York, United Kingdom
^§ University of Trento, Trento, Italy
^¶ fortiss, Munich, Germany
^** University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
^†† Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Abstract

Leveraging on a comprehensive analysis of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in Europe, this chapter presents overall findings focusing on (1) a characterization of CPS, (2) opportunities and challenges in representative CPS application domains, and (3) recommendations for action resulting from a cross-domain analysis. The characterization enables a high-level description of a CPS, or classes of CPS, according to their technical emphasis, cross-cutting aspects, level of automation, and life-cycle integration. We illustrate how these characteristics can be used to relate to design issues, systems, and related terms.

The recommendations are to: (1) strengthen cross-disciplinary research collaboration, (2) foster CPS education and training, (3) stimulate public-private partnerships for CPS technology experimentation and to ensure dependable information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, (4) promote interoperability of CPS technology, (5) anticipate new business models and support open innovation, (6) ensure trustworthiness including safety and security, and (7) favor human-centered approaches to CPS.

Keywords

Cyber-physical systems; Socio-technical systems; Disruptive innovation; Technological paradigm shift; Automation; Life-cycle integration; Cross-domain integration; Embedded systems; Internet of things; Systems of systems

Acknowledgments

This work was support by the European Commission through the CyPhERS FP7 support action (contract no. 611430) and the CPSE Labs Innovation action (contract no. 644400). We acknowledge contributions from Maria-Victoria Cengarle and Thomas Runkler, who were part of the CyPhERS project, together with inputs and feedback from numerous experts who contributed to the CyPhERS efforts.

1 Introduction

The findings described in this chapter draw on the CyPhERS project, an EU-funded support action that developed a strategy and agenda for cyber-physical systems (CPS) in Europe. This chapter summarizes the findings, focusing on (1) a characterization of CPS, (2) opportunities and challenges in representative CPS application domains, and (3) recommendations for action resulting from a cross-domain analysis. The interested reader should consult CyPhERS project deliverables for details, starting with deliverables D6.1 and D5.2 (Schätz et al., 2015; Törngren et al., 2014, with further references therein).

As identified during the CyPhERS project, there are different interpretations of what constitutes a CPS, depending on what perspective is taken. The increasing connectivity, and penetration of electronics and software into all facets of our lives, is referred to differently by different research communities, such as CPS, Internet of Things (IoT), ubiquitous computing, fog and swarm; or is labeled under application oriented terms, such as smart cities or Industrie 4.0 (CPS in manufacturing). This led the CyPhERS project to devote a special effort to characterizing CPS to complement existing defi...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• About the Editors
• Foreword
• Preface
• Part 1: Foundations
• Part 2: Principles
• Part 3: Applications
• Author Index
• Subject Index